MIDTERM II CHAPTER 9

Question 1

Spatially organized neural representation of the external world

Answer 1

Topographic map

Question 2

Registration by the sensory organs of physical stimuli from the environment

Answer 2

Sensation

Question 3

Subjective interpretation of sensations by the brain

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

Light sensitive surface at the back of the eye consisting of neurons and photoreceptor

Answer 4

Retina

Question 5

Specialized retinal neuron that transduces light into neural activity

Answer 5

Photoreceptor

Question 6

Central region of the retina specialized for high visual acuity; its receptive fields are at the centre of the eye’s visual field

Answer 6

Fovea

Question 7

Retinal region where axons forming the optic nerve leave the eye and blood vessels enter and leave; has no photoreceptors and is thus said to be blind

Answer 7

Blind spot

Question 8

Photoreceptor specialized for functioning at low levels

Answer 8

Rod

Question 9

Photoreceptor specialized for colour and high visual acuity

Answer 9

Cone

Question 10

One of a group of retinal neurons with axons that give rise to optic nerve

Answer 10

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC)

Question 11

Large visual system sensitive to moving stimuli; receive input primarily from rods so sensitive to light but not to colours

Answer 11

Magnocellular (M) cells

Question 12

Small visual systems neuron sensitive to difference in form and colour; receive input from cones

Answer 12

Parvocellular (P) cells

Question 13

Junction of the optic nerves, one from the each eye, at which the axons from the nasal halves of the retinas cross to the brain’s opposite side

Answer 13

Optic chiasma

Question 14

Projections from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex; involves all of the P ganglion axons and some of the M ganglion axoss

Answer 14

Geniculostriate system

Question 15

Primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe; shows stripes (striation) on straining

Answer 15

Striate complex

Question 16

Projections from the retina to the superior colliculus to the pulvinar (thalamus) to the parietal and temporal visual areas; formed by the axons of the remaining M ganglion cells

Answer 16

Tectopulvinar system

Question 17

neural route formed by axons of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) from the retinal ganglion cells

Answer 17

Retinohypothalamic tract

Question 18

Visual processing pathway from V1 to the temporal lobe for object identification and perceiving related movements

Answer 18

Ventral stream

Question 19

Visual processing pathway from V1 to the parietal lobe; guides movements relative to objects

Answer 19

Dorsal stream

Question 20

Anatomic organization that represents a functional unit six cortical layers deep and approx 0.5mm square, perpendicular to the cortical surface

Answer 20

Cortical columns

Question 21

Striate cortex in the occipital lobe that receives input from the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 21

Primary visual cortex (V1)

Question 22

Visual cortical areas in the occipital lobe outside the striate cortex

Answer 22

Extrastriate (secondary visual) cortex (V2-V5)

Question 23

Region in V1 that contains colour-sensitive neurons, as revealed by staining for cytochrome oxidase

Answer 23

Blob

Question 24

Within region V1, input arriving from - and M cell pathways of the geniculostriate system is segregated into three types of info:

Answer 24

Colour, form, motion