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Midterm II Flashcards

1
Q

Republicanism

A

Only economically independent citizens possessed enough virtue to put the community’s interest above their own interests

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2
Q

Liberalism

A
  • Natural rights (life, liberty, property)
  • Social contract
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3
Q

Salutary neglect

A

leaving the colonies to their own ends

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4
Q

Public Sphere

A

world of debate and organization independent of government

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5
Q

Enlightenment

A
  • 17th-century European philosophical movement
  • Apply scientific methodologies and reason to everyday life
  • Criticized tradition, inherited institutions religion
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6
Q

What was the Great Awakening

A
  • It was not planned
  • Revival of Calvinism (Salvation does not come through good works but through God’s grace)
  • 1730 - 1770
  • Wanted people to have a personal relationship with God
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7
Q

What caused the great awakening?

A

It was a reaction to the ideas of
- liberalism/republicanism
- growth of deism
- commercial revolution

  • religious leaders thought that rationalism was undermining the church
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8
Q

The effects of the Great Awakening

A

Religious:
- took authority from older clergy
- divided denominations
- encouraged missionary work

Shared Identity:
- colonial unity (first mass of Americans)
- Whitefield from England spreads English ideas

  • challenged political and religious authority
  • spread literacy
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9
Q

George Whitefield

A

He was from England and spread English ideas.

He spoke to all cultures about personal salvation.

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10
Q

Johnathan Edwards

A

Wrote many publications that supported the Great Awakening.

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11
Q

Middle ground

A

The blurry borderlands between French, British, and Iroquois control

Iroquis in control because of playoff system:
- natives will put powers against each other
- British had advantage
- Iroquois favored the French

Strategic:
- Great Lakes trading region
- whoever controlled this land controlled movement of goods and people

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12
Q

7 years war (french and Indian war)

A
  • started with colonial incident
  • British sent troops to America to
    a. defend colonies
    b. drive out French for good
  • British started to lose but William Pitt sunk the ships from the French containing the resources for the Indians, natives pull out of war and British win
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13
Q

Peace of Paris

A

french are completely gone from north America

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14
Q

Pontiac’s rebellion

A

warrior gets natives to attack British

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15
Q

The Paxton boys

A
  • it was a frontier city, prone to native attacks
  • home to scot-irish immigrants frustrated by Poniac’s rebellion
  • So they attacked natives, then marched the capitol
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16
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A
  • see a difference between British colonists and British crown
  • drew a line between colonists and natives
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17
Q

Albany Congress

A

There was a “president-general” appointed by British crown that administered laws

There was a “grand council” that served for three-year term

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18
Q

Sugar act

A

tax on trade ( this was avoidable)

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19
Q

Stamp act

A

(unavoidable)
- official stamp on any publications
- Imposed without any form of content by colonial assemblies
- affected opinion makers

in the end:
- Parliament overturns the tax but continues to tax in other ways

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20
Q

Sons of Liberty

A
  • organized boycotts
  • wanted to give up refined goods being imported or exported from Britain
  • punished those who didn’t conform
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21
Q

Townsend Acts

A
  • tax on trade
  • after colonial resistance parliament repealed the tax
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22
Q

Boston Tea Party

A
  • sons of Liberty dressed like Indians dump tea into the river
  • this Is the turning point, British can’t deal with it anymore
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23
Q

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

A
  • British close Boston port until the tea is paid for (destroys economy)
  • Took away right of assembly in Massachusetts
  • only affected Boston Massachusetts
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24
Q

Quebec Act

A

Legalized catholicism and took away trial by jury in Canada

25
1st Continental Congress
- set up a unified boycott through committees or correspondence
26
Lexington and Concord
- the first battles of the American Revolutionary War - More than double the amount of British are killed compared to colonists -British underestimated the colonists
27
2nd Continental Congress
- met after the aftermath of Lexington and Concord - appointed the raising of an army - Appointed George Washington as the Commander
28
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"
- advocating independence from Great Britain - 1. no choice but to fight - 2. If we fight we will win because God is on our side - 3. If we win we will create a utopia
29
Battle of Bunker Hill
The British technically won this battle but huge moral victory for colonists
30
Battle of Saratoga
- Colonists defeat the British - turning point in the war
31
Battle of Yorktown
Last battle of the Revolutionary War led to peace treaty
32
Why did the Colonists win the Revolutionary War?
They had hope, the patriots won over the militias, got French on their side after the battle of Saratoga
33
The Treaty of Paris
- John Jay, John Adams, and Ben Franklin negotiated peace - US became first Western independent nation - the issue was liberty and who would get freedom
34
Loyalists
- colonists who remained faithful to the crown - the peace treaty was not good for them - lost many freedoms - well off and feared social upheaval - banished or left America on their own
35
Articles of Confederation
- this was not a blueprint for government, it was a treaty of mutual defense - Each state gets one vote - no president or judicial branch - couldn't levy taxes - couldn't generate money - represented the state, not the people
36
Shay's rebellion
a riot of farmers protesting against high taxes and debt practices
37
Constitutional Convention
- Direct result of Shay's rebellion - Scrapped the articles of Confederation - Created the legislative, judicial, and executive branch
38
What were the problems with the Constitution?
- The balance between federal and state government - big states vs small states
39
Virginia Plan
2 house legislators with representation of population
40
New Jersey Plan
1 house legislator with one vote per state
41
Democratic Constitutional Features
- Directly elected House of Representatives - No property qualifications
42
Non-Democratic Constitutional Features
- Federal Judges appointed - president chosen by electoral college
43
⅗ compromise
⅗ of slave population would be counted in determining a state’s representation in the house - this gave the South too much power
44
9th amendment
rights not laid out in the constitution are retained by the people
45
10th Amendment
powers not delegated to federal government or prohibited by federal government reside with states
46
Federalists
- feared liberty over order - supported Washington - Hamilton's economic plan - close ties with Britain
47
republicans
- Ally closer with France - individual rights - Liberty over order - faith in democracy - Madison and Jefferson
48
Federalists papers
A series of essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay in support of the constitution
49
Federalists (in terms of Constitution)
Wanted perfect balance of liberty and power
50
Anti-federalists (in terms of Constitution)
Sacrificed liberty for order ( wanted bill of rights)
51
Jay's Treaty
Britain promised to evacuate their existing forts on American soil and pay damages for their recent seizure of American ships if America paid the debts they still owed to British merchants. Republicans: Ally with France so they didn't like it Federalists: close with Britain so they were good with it
52
Alien and Sedition Acts
Allowed for the deportation of any non-citizen that was deemed dangerous and authorized prosecution of any assemblies that criticized the government
53
Result of the Alien and Sedition Acts
ended up inflaming the opposition
54
Revolution of 1800
A republican became president and there was a change in party or power without any violence.
55
John Marshall
He was a federalist who was elected Chief Justice of supreme court. The federalists used him to exercise power in the Supreme Court.
56
Marbury v. Madison
Marshall established the precedent of judicial review (the court would determine the constitutionally of laws) This caused the federalists to maintain a hold on national government
57
Louisiana Purchase
- doubled the size of the US - Bought it from France - in purchasing it Jefferson ignored the limited government rules - allowed for indian removal
58
Embargo Act of 1807
British began to impress American sailors to fight for Britain against the French. Jefferson put this in place locking down American Ports. Devastated the economy set the foundations of modern America's industrial strength

JBU History (6 decks)

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