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JBU History > JBU history midterm > Flashcards

JBU history midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what was important about Portugal?

A

Traded human beings (slaves)
Found a new route through africa

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2
Q

How was slavery in Africa?

A

-flourished before Europeans came
- slaves were criminals or POW
- they had rights

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3
Q

the first slaves were brought to ________

A

the Caribbean

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4
Q

Europeans did not __________ __________ but they completely ____________ it.

A

invent / slavery / transformed

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5
Q

The Columbian exchange was often ________________

A

unintentional (exchange of organisms)

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6
Q

New world to old world trade

A

Corn
Tomatoes
Potatoes
Cotton

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7
Q

Old world to new world trade

A
  • Wheat
    - Rice
    - Sugar
    - Horses
    - Cattle
    - Sheep
    - Pigs
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8
Q

Diseases that came from the old world

A
  • measles
  • smallpox
  • flu
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9
Q

Significance of Native Die-off

A
  • paved the way for permanent settlement for the Europeans
  • Ecological imperialism - taking over by germs not guns
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10
Q

Why did European population increase?

A

because of crops flourishing

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11
Q

Order of Conquest and Colonization

A
  1. explorers
  2. conquistadors
  3. missionaries
  4. Permanent Settlers
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12
Q

Why did the Spanish invent ST. Augustine?

A

invented it to prevent french from coming in

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13
Q

common traits of native groups

A
  • Tribes had social hierarchies but weren’t rigid
  • Ceremonies organized around hunting and agriculture
  • Believed in a central animating power and a single creator
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14
Q

Differences between native Americans and Europeans

A
  • Religion
  • Property (Land Ownership) (wealth = bad)
  • Gender Roles

(this justified European colonization)

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15
Q

Chesapeake: British motivation

A

Defeat Catholic Spain
Become a world power
Economic Wealth

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16
Q

British Colonies characteristics:

A
  • Settlers were intent on recreating the world they knew (england)
  • Unusual for individual rights and liberties
  • Not easy - survival was a challenge
  • They needed England
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17
Q

Indentured Servitude characteristics

A
  • majority English colonists
  • 5-7 years service
  • Could be sold
  • high death
  • Contracts often extended
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18
Q

Who were the people with power?

A

property-owning white men

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19
Q

Jamestown was the __________ ___________ in America

A

first settlement

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20
Q

What did the headright system do?

A

started plantations in America

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21
Q

Who burns Jamestown?

22
Q

Where did the Catholics go for freedom?

23
Q

Slaves characteristics

A

Not citizens
Unlimited service
Children enslaved
Experienced
Black

24
Q

Puritan Theology

A

Chosen by god
Elect v. Damned
Nothing we can do on this earth matters
Good behavior suggests salvation
Close-knit - very judgemental

25
Who were the Puritans?
believed the Church of England just needed purifying
26
Who were the pilgrims?
they were puritans but believed church of england was beyond hope
27
ALL ____________ WERE PURITANS BUT NOT ALL ____________ WERE PILGRIMS
pilgrims puritans
28
Puritan Society characteristics:
Relied on child labor (family farms) Man’s power in his household was absolute Community over individualism Women were spiritual equals
29
Puritan Government Characteristics:
Self-governing towns - private property around city center Town meetings Elected own governor Voters must be visible saints Deeply hierarchical
30
what was Virgina like?
Few rich, many poor Less safe and healthy Rural Individualism
31
Pequot War
fur trade Mad at new england colonists for overhunting Wage war on colonists
32
Battle of Mystic
Native village and colonists burned it to the ground Killing every single person First violence
33
Puritan Economy
- Most Puritans from textile background - well off - Majority owned land - Less wealthy than the Chesapeake
34
Puritan Decline
Increasing materialism Next generation drifting Strong work ethic - contributed to decline, not for jesus Children are not becoming visible saints = no more government, no votes
35
New Netherland Characteristics
Cosmopolitan Freedom of press and religion Most humane treatment of natives Dominated international slave trade
36
Mercantilism
- exports should exceed imports - Role of colonies - to send raw materials home and import manufactured goods - British idea
37
Cons of Mercantilism
Not profiting Higher prices Inefficient Not free Dependent
38
Pros of Mercantilism
Guaranteed trade Protection + priority British Shipping Mother country that cares about them
39
Who were the Quakers?
Direct relationship with god Inward revelation more important than scripture Behavior reflected emotional purity and light of god Originated mid 17th century against the church of england
40
King Philips war
English towns were attacked and burned Formed Indian alliance
41
What was bacon's rebellion?
Involved former indentured servants Not accepted in Jamestown Disenfranchised and unable to receive their land Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for rebels Gov. refused to meet their conditions and erupts into a civil war Political turning point for slaves
42
Consequences of Bacon's Rebellion
Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African Slaves because it was seen as a better investment
43
Slave Code of 1705:
Slaves were property Embedded white supremacy in the law
44
Stono Rebellion Problems
Largest slave uprising prior to the American Revolution More slaves = more slave codes More slave codes = more rebellions More rebellions = more slave codes restricted slaves from reading
45
While slavery was most thoroughly entrenched in the _________ there were slaves in __________ ___________
south / every / colony
46
What was the most dangerous part of the journey with slaves?
The middle passage
47
Why did New York have more slaves in the middle colonies
because they were dutch
48
Planter class
people who owned plantations/ small number
49
British mainland colonies plantations
tabacco- based plantations in Chesapeake
50
Carolinas and Georgia Plantations
rice based plantations
51
New England and middle colonies plantations
Non - plantation (domestic)

JBU History (6 decks)

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