Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Therio > midterm - horse > Flashcards

midterm - horse Flashcards

0
Q

estrus is how many days in the mare

A

4 - 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

factors that affect pregnancy rates

A
  • stallion fertility
  • reproductive health of mare
  • breeding close to ovulation
  • early pregnancy detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

diestrus is how many days in the mare

A

14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mare is under what hormone during estrus?

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mare is under what hormone during diestrus

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of mare in estrus

A
  • teasing = receptive
  • follicle > 30mm
  • absence of CL
  • uterine edema
  • uterus feels “doughy”
  • relaxed cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

characteristics of mare in diestrus

A
  • teasing = out
  • follicles of any size
  • CL present
  • no edema
  • uterus is firm
  • cervix closed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what size is an ovulatory follicle usually?

A

> 35mm

average = 40 - 45mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what ovulatory agents do you give to induce ovulation

A

deslorelin acetate (which is like GnRH)

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (which is like LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

deslorelin acetate:

  • what characteristics must be present to give it
  • what does it act like
  • what does it do
A

must have > 30mm follicle, estrus edema and relaxed cervis

it acts like GnRH

will cause ovulation in 40 - 48 hours post-administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hCG: what characteristics must be present to give it, what does it act like, what does it do?

A
  • must have at least a >35mm follicle (larger than deslorelin acetate)
  • it acts like LH
  • will cause ovulation in 24 - 48 hours post administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens if mare ovulates early?

A

you “short cycle” her

  • you administer PGF2alpha 5 days post-ovulation. it causes luteolysis
  • CL regresses and mare comes back into estrus within 5 - 7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the goal when breeding a mare?

A

inseminate mare as CLOSE AS POSSIBLE to ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

oocyte lifespan

A

~1 day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lifespan of:
fresh semen
chilled semen
frozen semen

A 
fresh = 48+
chilled = 24 - 48 hours
frozen = 12 hours post-thaw
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when inseminating with fresh semen

A
  • breed every other day
  • need at least 500 million progressively motile sperm
  • stop breeding when mare ovulates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

breeding with fresh cooled semen

A
  • *if an ovulation induction agent is given at the time semen is ordered the mare will ovulate about 12 hours after the semen arrives and is deposited in the mare**
  • 1 billion sperm
  • semen has a 24 hour lag bc its being shipped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AI with frozen-thawed semen

A

limited sperm due to sperm capacitation that occurs with freezing/thawing process.
goal: semen should be placed in uterus within:
</= 8 hours AFTER ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Post breeding management

A
  • monitor for ouvlation on daily/every other day basis
  • onitor for anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles and increased uterine fluid
  • all mares experience physiologic endometritis after breeding - it should resolve itself in 12 - 24 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pregnancy detection

A

1st exam: 14 - 16 days post-ovulation

look for twins! monitor pregnancy (early embryonic death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

day 13 - 18 after ovulation

A

tubular tract is toned, distinct bifurcation
cervix is tightly closed, narrow and elongated
active ovaries
false diagnosis of pregnancy can occur due to embryonic death or persistent luteal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when can twins be diagnosed?

A

day 13 - 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

day 13 - 15

A

twins diagnosed

23
Q

when is manual embryo crush best performed?

A

day 16 - 17

24
day 20 - 25
- guitar pick shape - rarely detectable with palpation - day 24 = embryonic heartbeat
25
embryonic heartbeat starts when?
day 24
26
day 30 - 35
can palpate size of egg at base of uterine horn
27
35 - 40
tennis ball
28
45 - 50
softball - if fetal twins at greater than day 40, you form endometrial cups at day 36. they secrete eCG which will persist after fetal death - descent to ventral wall complete by day 48
29
how do you manage fetal twins after day 40 of gestation?
1. transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration 30% 2. cranio-cervical dislocation - 60% 3. cardiac puncture - 60 - 65%
30
day 60
football sized - vesicle expands into uterine body less tone in gravid horn, non-gravid horn = toned
31
day 59 - 68 (day 65)
fetal sex is determined by locating genital tubercle rear of legs = female near umbilicus = male
32
day 75 - 120
basketball sized | uterus pulled ventrally
33
day 100
another time to ID the gender | - can see udders
34
day 150 - 200
uterine descent complete | fetal ballottment consistent
35
paraphimosis
inability to retract penis back into prepuce it causes inflammatino that can eventually compress vasculature and cause necrosis
36
paraphimosis causes treatment
causes: trauma, inflammation, phenothiazine tranquilizers its an emergency tx: replace penis into preputial cavity, system and local abx, hydrotherapy, massage, NSAIDS
37
swabs for bacterial culture
prewash: prepuce, body of penis, fossa glandis then do scrotal wash postwash: urethra post-ejaculation: urethra and semen
38
bacteria we are concerned about:
1. pseudomonas aeruginosa - can be transferred to mare - "civilized water" - serotypes 2, 3, 5 klebsiella pneumonia - wood - transferred to mare - capsule types 1, 2, 5 taylrella equigenitalis - reportable disease, not seen in US
39
how do you treat pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumonia
local treatment ONLY NO SYSTEMIC ABX! - just need to change pH of penis pseudomonas - dilute HCl Klebsiella - dilute bleach
40
what motility and morphology are we looking for
60% for both
41
total sperm number formula
total sperm number (billions) = volume (ml) x concentration (millions)
42
how do we measure scrotum in stallions?
width NOT circumference like in cows!!
43
is sperm production correlated with scrotal width the same way sperm production is correlated with scrotum circumference in cows?
NO!
44
Hernia what is it predisposing factors clinical signs
- emergency: intestines entered the vaginal cavity thru the vaginal ring predisposing factors: enlarged vaginal ring, bleeding, exercise, transport, infestations of vaginal cavity clinical signs: enlarged scrotum, pain, crepitus, systemic signs if intestines strangulated
45
hernia dx tx
dx = rectal palpation, ultrasound tx = surgical, castration recommended
46
hydrocele
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the vaginal cavity predisposing factors: high temperatures, communication between vaginal and peritoneal cavities, exercise rarely important, usually painless, no effect on fertility no tx necessary - can treat symptomatically with ice packs, hydrotherapy, NSAIDS, aspiration of fluid
47
severe hydrocele
severe hydrocele may affect testicular perfusion and semen quality via thermoregulation
48
torsion of the spermatic cord < 180 degrees
does not cause problems
49
torsion of spermatic cord > 180 degrees
``` emergency - severe colic testicular ischemia neative effects on contralateral testis tx - surgical ```
50
etiology of occluded ampullae
individual predisposition = "sperm accumulators" low frequency ejaculators physical causes - cystic abnormalities
51
occluded ampullae clinical signs dx tx
``` clinical signs: - azoospermia (no sperm in ejaculate) - large number of tailess sperm heads dx: - rectal palpation - ultrasound evaluation tx: - manual massage per rectum - administration of oxytocin before ejaculation - frequent ejaculation ```
52
seminal vesiculitis | etiology
bacterial infection: klebsiella eruginosa pseudomonas pneumonia streptococcus zooepidemicus
53
seminal vesiculitis | clinical signs
``` clinical signs: infertility poor semen quality pyospermia = WBCs in semen hemospermia ```
54
seminal vesiculitis | dx and tx
dx: clinical signs inflammatory cells in semen positive culture results tx: lavage infusion of abx
55
equine viral arteritis
1. serum neutralization or complement fixation - blood serum | 2. virus isolation or detection of viral nucleic acid - semen
56
satisfactory
free of veneral pathogens >60% progressively motile sperm >60% morphologically normal sperm >1 billion progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm - satisfactory means stallion can breed 40 mares or AI 120 mares in 1 season

Therio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions