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Comm, Tech, & Society > Midterm for CT&S > Flashcards

Midterm for CT&S Flashcards

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1
Q

Overview:

Full Synergy -> What’s “vertical integration”?

A

Control Production (Content)

  • > Distribution (Channel)
  • > Consumption (Reception)
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2
Q

Overview:

Marxist’s economic view of culture:

A

When you control the marterial interest (economy), then you are ableto control ideal interest (ideas & thoughts)

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3
Q

Overview:

Who invented “multimedia information packinging”?

A

William Randolph Hearst

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4
Q

Overview:

3 major transformations in mass media technologies in modern times:

A

1) Penny Press (and the emergence of reading public)
2) Over-the-air broadcasting Radio & TV
3) Computer-based production, storage, & distribution of info and entertainment

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5
Q

Overview:

Telecommunications Act of 1996:

A

“Free market” “open competition” in both info and transmission services: Marry media w/ telecommunications (e.g. phone company w/ cale TV, satellite);
To sacrifice public interests & increase big media company’s private interests

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6
Q

Overview:

Marshall McLuhan:

A

Technological determinism… technology teaches us how to think… vs. Cultural determinism: The other way around is true

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7
Q

Overview:

The characteristic of post-industrial society:

A

A knowledege (info-) based society/economy

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8
Q

Overview:

1st Amendment & the golden rule of “freedom of speech”:

A

“The Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press”; 1st Amendment limits on gov’t involvment in media market

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9
Q

Overview:

Concept of “Common Carrier” vs “Electronic Publishing”

A

As a common carrier (like phone company), the media shoudl provide non-dscriminatory access for all users.
But if the media function like “electronic publishing”, then they can choose users according to thier contents

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10
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution -
APRA (Defense Dept.) & the invention of internet

A

APRA - Advance Research Projects Agency: backed an experiment to connect computers across the country as a way to exchange messages and share thier processing power.

3 main transformations:

  • Vastly increase the world’s computing power.
  • Internet emerged as first working model of the “global info superhighway”
  • Internet gave birth to new industry dedicated to developing new ways to use it & sevices to sell across it
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11
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
The Death of Distance

A

No longer determine cost of communiation electronically. Organize types of work in 3 shits: (3 main time zones) America, East Asia/Australia, & Europe

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12
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
The Fate of Location

A

No longer will it be a key to business decisions. Perform online services.

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13
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
Increased Mobility

A

Every form of communication will be available for mobile or remote use.

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14
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
The Inversion of Home & Office

A

More ppl work @ home, the line between work & home life will blur.

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15
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
The Shift 4m Gov’t Policing to Self-Policing

A

Harder to enforce laws banning child porn, libel, & other criminal/subversive material & those protecting copyright & other intellectual property

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16
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
Rebirth of Cities

A

Transform 4m concentrations of office employment to centers of entertainment & culture

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17
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-1) The roots of revolution - List:
The Rise of English

A

Global role of English as a 2nd language will strengthen as it becomes the common standard for telecommunicating in business & commerce

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18
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-2) Technological & Economic Origins of the Information Society -
Industrialization

A

Creates the crises of control (both control of of things & people), regulation of social forces

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19
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-2) Technological & Economic Origins of the Information Society -
Social Control

A

B4 industrial revolution depends on personal relationships & face-to-face interactions, but after the revolution control is accomplished by means of bureaucracy, transportation & telecommunications network & mass media.

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20
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-2) Technological & Economic Origins of the Information Society -
What’s revolution? Where is the concept from? Astronomy

A

Resoration of a previous form of goverment;

First appeared in political discourse in 17th-century England

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21
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-2) Technological & Economic Origins of the Information Society -
Max Weber

A

Beuracracy as part of rationalization; Governing ppl & administer things

1) Standardized time zone
2) Standardized paper form

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22
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(1-2) Technological & Economic Origins of the Information Society -
Digitalization/Internet Technology

A

“Interface” between humans & machines:

1) It blurs the clear distinction between human & machine communication
2) It blurs the distinction between different media/different info types
3) Digitalization promises to transform different forms of info into a generalized medium

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23
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(2-1) Principles of Mediamorphosis -
Mediamorphosis

A

Instead of studying new media form seperately, Mediamorphosis regards all media as constituent of an interdependent system.
This concept studies communication system as a whole.
According to this view, new media dont arise spontaneously and independently - they emerged gradually from the metamorphosis of old media.

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24
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(2-1) Principles of Mediamorphosis -
Paul Saffos’s 30 Year Rule

A

The month of time required for new ideas to fully seep into a culture has consistently averages about three decades.
First Decade: Lots of excitment, lots of puzzlement, not a lot of penetration
2nd Decade: Lots of flux, penetration of product into society is beginning
3rd Decade: “Oh, so what?” Just a standard technology & everybody has it

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25
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(2-1) Principles of Mediamorphosis -
Historical study of FM radio; Why did it fail in 30s

A
  • Need of companies: Great depression, AM radio dominated, & no market for FM radio
  • Requirements of other technologies: RCA: see TV as the more promising medium more research went to TV rather than FM radio
  • Regulatory & legal actions: FCC gave more spectrum to TV rather than the FM radio
  • General social forces: Economic difficulty during the great depression
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26
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(2-1) Principles of Mediamorphosis -
Historical study of FM radio; Why did it succeeded in 60s

A
  • Needs of companies: competition w/ TV, FM radio replaces AM radio; low costs & can target niche audience
  • Requriements of other technologies: the invention of hi-fi & stereo, playing back technologies, etc…
  • Regulatory & legal actions: Nation Public Radio(NPR) & more reserved space for FM radio stations
  • General social forces: Rock n’ roll music & teenagers & the rise of FM radio
27
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(2-1) Principles of Mediamorphosis -
Mediamorphosis 3 concepts

A
  • Coevolution: Coevolution & coexistence have been the norm since the 1st organisms made their debut on the planet
  • Convergence: Negropontes’s revelation that “all communication technologies are suffering a joint metamorphosis - can only be understood as a single subject
  • Complexity: Chaos is an essential component of change
28
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-1) Convergence & Its Consequences -
What’s convergence?

A

The coming together of computing, telecommunications, & media in a digital environment

29
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-1) Convergence & Its Consequences -
Convergence impact on mass communication

A 
1-Impact on content/schedule(how & when)
2-Impact on media organization's relationships w/ audience
3-Increased media consumption
4-Active media production & distribution
5-Distribution alters balance of power
6-Fragmentation & "daily me"
7-Centralized -> decentralized media
8-Concentration of media ownership -> oligopoly
30
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-3) The fast-forward, on-demand, network-smashing future of televison -
Sony & “Time Shift”

A

Time Shift: the consumers have the control over time/we can choose when to watch/threatens advertising (commericals)

31
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-3) The fast-forward, on-demand, network-smashing future of televison -
Product Placement

A

Product integration, to use the current buzzword.

32
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-3) The fast-forward, on-demand, network-smashing future of televison -
DVR’s ambivalent relationship w/ ad business

A

On one hand, it can help viewers “screen” commercials, on other hand it can provide ad business w/ consumer’s info(zip code, & individual household info)

33
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-3) The fast-forward, on-demand, network-smashing future of televison -
In the future

A

TV would devolve into little more than digitally distributed home video business

34
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-4) Digital Cinema, Take 2 -
“Digital Mastering”

A

The conversion of a sequence or an entire film to digital form

35
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-4) Digital Cinema, Take 2 -
Digitalizing films combines art & science

A

Artistic talent & coding skills

36
Q

Textbook One: Living in the Info Age:
(3-4) Digital Cinema, Take 2 -
Why digital films may never replace films

A

These two medias will co-exist, bc these 2 media have different textures

37
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 38 -
Genealogy of new media

A

Parallel development of
1-Modern Media: Print, radio, TV, etc…
2-Computing: Digital codes/bytes

38
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 39 -
HTML, HTTP, & URL

A

HTML - Hypertext markup language; allow the web to handle different data formats
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol; guide the exchange of info bewtween Web browsers & web servers
URL - Uniform Resource Locator; standard address format that specifies both the type of application protocol being used and the address of the computer that had the desired data

39
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 40 -
Remediation & Hypermediacy

A

Remediation - Taking an existing -> make it new; any medium conducted mediated communication
1-Convention: Traditional
2-Invention - New way

Hypermediacy - What you see, giving update immediate; webcombines both to give you update w/ sense of reality

40
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 17 -
Telegraph

A

The first medium to seperate “transportation” & “communication”

41
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 17 -
Telegraph shifts speculation

A

From space to time, from arbitrage to futures

42
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 17 -
Movement of commodities out of space & into time had 3 consequences(impacts) of great importance in examining the effect of telegraph

A

1-Decontextualization (delocalization)
2-Representations
3-Standardization

Summary: Depends on # of specific changes in markets & the commodity system. Required info to move independently & faster. Required prices be made uniform in space.

43
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 17 -
Commodity Fetishism

A

Required be seperated from receipts the represent them & reduce to uniform grades.

44
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 25 -
Growing importance of wireless for human communication

A

Wireless - makes it more immediate
-Titanic
-Telephone
Two things to happen at once

45
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 25 -
The Present

A 
1-Sequence:
Past - Present - Future
(Tiny slice of present - cross out)
2-Simultaneity:
Happened at same time (the present)
46
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 25 -
Modern Journalism; Simultaneity of experiences

A

Telephonic journalism; 5 years later started such a news service in Budapest & expanded into a comprehensive entertainmentservice with outlets in homes;
Timetable of programs: concerts, lectures, dramatic readings, newspaper reviews, stock market reprts, & direct transmissions of speeches by parliment

47
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 26 -
Radio & Publicity

A

Bring messages to the public

48
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 26 -
FCC & its definition of radio

A

Radio as Broadcasting - “a person engage in radio broadcasting shall not, insofar as such a person is so engaged, be deemed a common carrier”
CC: operate point-to-point, deliver thier goods to a definite address & must be accessible to anyone & accountable for the tariffs they charge.

49
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 26 -
Common Carrier vs Broadcasting

A

CC- involves publicly controlled transmission but private reception
Broadcasting- Involves privately controlled transmission but public reception

50
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 26 -
Communication as dissemination

A

Spreading out; as sender we cannot control who listens (result of message)

51
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 27 -
Commercial radio is a social decision

A

how radio became a commercial commodity; from point-to-point to commercial commodity; a social-cultural decision rather than a natural thing…

52
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 27 -
AT&T & Toll broadcasting and the first network radio

A

1-toll broadcasting= had to pay

2-network= central station – are cost affect

53
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 27 -
Radio, culture, & assimilation

A

Anglo-conformity, national culture, & national identity
Radio helped immigrates adapted to white American ways/the radio is the 1st national medium/ because it helped the govt. establish national identity audience

54
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 31 -
Dilemma of commercial TV

A

TV is a dilima of private initities and public resources

55
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 31 -
NBC David Sarnoff & CBS William Paley

A

NBC and CBS are against govt.-owned TV/ wanting their own private interest

56
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 31 -
Early TV Audience

A 
TV audience are trained to watch;
From Elite(Quality was high—anthology drama) to mass audience(the quality of TV became low)
57
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 33 -
TV, domestic space & the family value, consumerism

A

After WW2—men came back/post WW2, how TV rebuild the family/reconstruct the family value/the very important domestic space

58
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 33 -
How TV commodity portrayed as a culture center which can glue the family together

A

TV was placed in the central part of the home—domestic space/symbolically making room for TV, you bring family back (family togetherness)

59
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 35 -
Reading/Writing & Logic/Reason

A

Reading is an ordered process requring us to sit at a table, consume ideas from left to right & make judgements of truth & falsehood

60
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 35 -
Word Vs Nature

A

Comparison of word (logic/reason) vs. nature (chaos/disorder)

61
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 35 -
Protestantism Vs Catholicism

A

Word Vs Image

62
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 35 -
TV: Eternal present, no past. The danger of TV

A

TV - works againts this linear tradition;
Transition from anchors reporting on a natural disasture to a commercial about your desperate need for an electric toothbrush

63
Q

Textbook Two: Communication in History:
CH 35 -
Literate education should be word-based/logocentric

A

Need to emphasize logical thinking;
By reading - teaches us to reason
By watching TV - breaks the habits of lgical thinking with its unconnected images

Comm, Tech, & Society (4 decks)

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