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Midterm examination Flashcards

1
Q

good contrast media

A

non-miscibility

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2
Q

adverse reaction to contrast media, possible hospitalization, and life-threatening, the patient may exhibit prolonged drop in BP, collapse the circulatory system, cardiac arrhythmia, coma, convulsion, seizure

A

severe

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3
Q

what are the Rs

A
  • right time
  • right medication
  • right amount
  • right patient
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4
Q

which type of contrast media absorb more xray

A

radiopaque

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5
Q

characteristics of positive contrast media

A
  • high atomic number
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6
Q

key consideration for choosing a good contrast media

A

adequate viscosity (lapot)

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7
Q

what is the route of administration for barium enema

A

retrograde administration

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8
Q

barium sulfate is primarily used for which type of procedure?

A

gastrointestinal series or GI series

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9
Q

mixture ratio used for upper GI series

A

50% cm and 50% water

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10
Q

what is considered a first-degree adverse reaction to contrast media?

A

mild urticaria and metallic taste

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11
Q

which type of contrast study uses two kinds of contrast media

A

double

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12
Q

which type of technique does the patient phonate while exhaling slowly

A

normal phonation

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13
Q

what is the Valsalva maneuver test?

A

elasticity and functional integrity of the glottis

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14
Q

technique involves inhaling while trying to make a sound after exhaling completely

A

inspiratory phonation

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15
Q

duct associated with the submandibular glands

A

whartons duct

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16
Q

purpose for lemon wedge sucking?

A

to stimulate salivary secretion

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17
Q

first step of sialography procedure

A

take preliminary radiograph

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18
Q

how long after the procedure should a follow-up radiograph be taken to ensure clearance of contrast medium

A

10 minutes

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19
Q

equipment used to administer contrast medium via hydrostatic pressure

A

drip stand and syringe barrel

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20
Q

a condition that can lead to salivary gland enlargement

A

diabetes

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21
Q

what role does the post motor imaging play in the evaluation of salivary glands after contrast administration

A

it verifies the clearance of contrast medium and checks for complication

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22
Q

why might a patient with a history of alcoholism experience bilateral salivary gland swelling, particularly in the parotid gland

A
  • due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol on glandular tissue
  • dehydration and reduced salivary production
  • secondary effect of nutritional deficiency
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23
Q

which is characteristic of water-soluble iodinated contrast media makes it particularly suitable for sialography

A

likelihood of causing an allergic reaction

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24
Q

in AP tangential projection for the parotid gland, what is the recommended head position of the patient

A

head rotated 5 degrees away from the side being examined

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25
the correct orientation of the CR for AP tangential projection of the parotid gland
perpendicular to the IR, directed along the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus
26
in the lateral oblique PA tangential projection, what is the purpose of having the patients head resting on the chin
- to demonstrate salivary duct - to visualize the parotid gland clearly
27
what is the correct patient position for performing the AP tangential projection of the parotid gland
supine
28
which projection is designed to best visualize the parotid duct during sialography
PA tangential projection
29
what is the purpose of the filling phase in esophagography
to demonstrate the distend lumen of the esophagus
30
primary purpose of barium swallow
evaluate the esophagus and stomach
31
in the supine position, where does the barium settle in the stomach
fundus
32
in the prone position, which part of the stomach is filled with air
fundus
33
what happens to the air and barium distribution in the erect position
air fills the fundus, and barium fills the pyloric portion
34
how long does it take for solid and semisolid food to pass from the mouth to the stomach
4 to 8 seconds
35
how long does it take for gastric emptying after an average meal
2 to 6 seconds
36
how long does chyme normally take to pass through the entire small intestine
3 to 4 hours
37
what is the recommended fasting period for infants under 1 year old before a UGI exam
NPO for 4 hours
38
children older than 1 year old should be NPO for how long before UGI exam
6 hours
39
contrast medium used for UGI examination
barium sulfate
40
which position is best for visualizing the pyloric portion of the stomach in UGI series
erect
41
purpose of UGI series
to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract
42
during peristaltic activity, how long does it take for waves of muscular contraction to move food through the esophagus
1 to 8 seconds
43
which body position is least effective for visualizing the fundus of the stomach
lateral
44
primary function of the stomach during digestion
mix food w/ gastric juices
45
type of food required the longest time for gastric emptying
solid food
46
when performing a UGI exam, what should the patient avoid prior to the procedure
eating solid food
47
NPO stand for?
nothing by mouth
48
in which position is the stomach's fundus lowest
supine
49
which structure is filled w/ barium in the erect position
fundus
50
common reason for using air in barium study
enhance mucosal detail
51
what happens to the stomach when a person is in the prone position
the pyloric portion is elevated
52
what type of food passes through the esophagus the fastest
liquid
53
average time for gastric emptying of a barium meal
2 to 6 hours
54
examinations that is part of the UGI series
- barium swallow - barium meal - fluoroscopy of the stomach
55
what position allows for the best visualization of the esophagus
upright
56
what condition can be evaluated using UGI series
peptic ulcer
57
what occurs to the chyme as it is mixed with gastric juices
it becomes semifluid
58
what is the primary goal of preparing a pediatric patient for UGI exam
minimize discomfort
59
primary function of esophagus
transport food to the stomach
60
how long is the adult esophagus
24 cm
61
which cervical vertebra does the esophagus originate
C6
62
the esophagus passes though the diaphragm at which thoracic vertebra
T10
63
which of the following is not a segment of the esophagus
lumbar segment
64
what are the points of narrowness in the esophagus
cricoid, aortic knob, left bronchus, diaphragm
65
purpose of the filling phase in esophagography
distend the lumen of the esophagus
66
contrast medium used in esophagography
barium sulfate
67
an indicator for performing a filling phase esophagography
dysphagia
68
which of the following is a contraindication for esophagography
suspected esophageal leakage
69
what is the correct barium preparation ratio for mucosal phase
4:1
70
in a single-contrast examination, which position is preferred for the patient
supine
71
which projection is best for demonstrating the entire length of the esophagus
lateral
72
what anatomical structure does the cardiac antrum refer to
terminal esophagus
73
what does Valsalva maneuver help to demonstrate
esophageal varices
74
how does the esophagus appear in the presence of a mediastinal mass during fluoroscopy
displacement
75
what does the "rat tail sign" indicate during an esophagography
achalasia

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