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Contrast > Midterm examination > Flashcards

Midterm examination Flashcards

1
Q

good contrast media

A

non-miscibility

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2
Q

adverse reaction to contrast media, possible hospitalization, and life-threatening, the patient may exhibit prolonged drop in BP, collapse the circulatory system, cardiac arrhythmia, coma, convulsion, seizure

A

severe

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3
Q

what are the Rs

A
  • right time
  • right medication
  • right amount
  • right patient
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4
Q

which type of contrast media absorb more xray

A

radiopaque

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5
Q

characteristics of positive contrast media

A
  • high atomic number
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6
Q

key consideration for choosing a good contrast media

A

adequate viscosity (lapot)

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7
Q

what is the route of administration for barium enema

A

retrograde administration

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8
Q

barium sulfate is primarily used for which type of procedure?

A

gastrointestinal series or GI series

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9
Q

mixture ratio used for upper GI series

A

50% cm and 50% water

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10
Q

what is considered a first-degree adverse reaction to contrast media?

A

mild urticaria and metallic taste

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11
Q

which type of contrast study uses two kinds of contrast media

A

double

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12
Q

which type of technique does the patient phonate while exhaling slowly

A

normal phonation

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13
Q

what is the Valsalva maneuver test?

A

elasticity and functional integrity of the glottis

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14
Q

technique involves inhaling while trying to make a sound after exhaling completely

A

inspiratory phonation

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15
Q

duct associated with the submandibular glands

A

whartons duct

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16
Q

purpose for lemon wedge sucking?

A

to stimulate salivary secretion

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17
Q

first step of sialography procedure

A

take preliminary radiograph

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18
Q

how long after the procedure should a follow-up radiograph be taken to ensure clearance of contrast medium

A

10 minutes

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19
Q

equipment used to administer contrast medium via hydrostatic pressure

A

drip stand and syringe barrel

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20
Q

a condition that can lead to salivary gland enlargement

A

diabetes

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21
Q

what role does the post motor imaging play in the evaluation of salivary glands after contrast administration

A

it verifies the clearance of contrast medium and checks for complication

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22
Q

why might a patient with a history of alcoholism experience bilateral salivary gland swelling, particularly in the parotid gland

A
  • due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol on glandular tissue
  • dehydration and reduced salivary production
  • secondary effect of nutritional deficiency
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23
Q

which is characteristic of water-soluble iodinated contrast media makes it particularly suitable for sialography

A

likelihood of causing an allergic reaction

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24
Q

in AP tangential projection for the parotid gland, what is the recommended head position of the patient

A

head rotated 5 degrees away from the side being examined

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25
Q

the correct orientation of the CR for AP tangential projection of the parotid gland

A

perpendicular to the IR, directed along the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus

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26
Q

in the lateral oblique PA tangential projection, what is the purpose of having the patients head resting on the chin

A
  • to demonstrate salivary duct
  • to visualize the parotid gland clearly
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27
Q

what is the correct patient position for performing the AP tangential projection of the parotid gland

A

supine

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28
Q

which projection is designed to best visualize the parotid duct during sialography

A

PA tangential projection

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29
Q

what is the purpose of the filling phase in esophagography

A

to demonstrate the distend lumen of the esophagus

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30
Q

primary purpose of barium swallow

A

evaluate the esophagus and stomach

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31
Q

in the supine position, where does the barium settle in the stomach

A

fundus

32
Q

in the prone position, which part of the stomach is filled with air

A

fundus

33
Q

what happens to the air and barium distribution in the erect position

A

air fills the fundus, and barium fills the pyloric portion

34
Q

how long does it take for solid and semisolid food to pass from the mouth to the stomach

A

4 to 8 seconds

35
Q

how long does it take for gastric emptying after an average meal

A

2 to 6 seconds

36
Q

how long does chyme normally take to pass through the entire small intestine

A

3 to 4 hours

37
Q

what is the recommended fasting period for infants under 1 year old before a UGI exam

A

NPO for 4 hours

38
Q

children older than 1 year old should be NPO for how long before UGI exam

A

6 hours

39
Q

contrast medium used for UGI examination

A

barium sulfate

40
Q

which position is best for visualizing the pyloric portion of the stomach in UGI series

A

erect

41
Q

purpose of UGI series

A

to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract

42
Q

during peristaltic activity, how long does it take for waves of muscular contraction to move food through the esophagus

A

1 to 8 seconds

43
Q

which body position is least effective for visualizing the fundus of the stomach

A

lateral

44
Q

primary function of the stomach during digestion

A

mix food w/ gastric juices

45
Q

type of food required the longest time for gastric emptying

A

solid food

46
Q

when performing a UGI exam, what should the patient avoid prior to the procedure

A

eating solid food

47
Q

NPO stand for?

A

nothing by mouth

48
Q

in which position is the stomach’s fundus lowest

A

supine

49
Q

which structure is filled w/ barium in the erect position

A

fundus

50
Q

common reason for using air in barium study

A

enhance mucosal detail

51
Q

what happens to the stomach when a person is in the prone position

A

the pyloric portion is elevated

52
Q

what type of food passes through the esophagus the fastest

A

liquid

53
Q

average time for gastric emptying of a barium meal

A

2 to 6 hours

54
Q

examinations that is part of the UGI series

A
  • barium swallow
  • barium meal
  • fluoroscopy of the stomach
55
Q

what position allows for the best visualization of the esophagus

A

upright

56
Q

what condition can be evaluated using UGI series

A

peptic ulcer

57
Q

what occurs to the chyme as it is mixed with gastric juices

A

it becomes semifluid

58
Q

what is the primary goal of preparing a pediatric patient for UGI exam

A

minimize discomfort

59
Q

primary function of esophagus

A

transport food to the stomach

60
Q

how long is the adult esophagus

A

24 cm

61
Q

which cervical vertebra does the esophagus originate

A

C6

62
Q

the esophagus passes though the diaphragm at which thoracic vertebra

A

T10

63
Q

which of the following is not a segment of the esophagus

A

lumbar segment

64
Q

what are the points of narrowness in the esophagus

A

cricoid, aortic knob, left bronchus, diaphragm

65
Q

purpose of the filling phase in esophagography

A

distend the lumen of the esophagus

66
Q

contrast medium used in esophagography

A

barium sulfate

67
Q

an indicator for performing a filling phase esophagography

A

dysphagia

68
Q

which of the following is a contraindication for esophagography

A

suspected esophageal leakage

69
Q

what is the correct barium preparation ratio for mucosal phase

A

4:1

70
Q

in a single-contrast examination, which position is preferred for the patient

A

supine

71
Q

which projection is best for demonstrating the entire length of the esophagus

A

lateral

72
Q

what anatomical structure does the cardiac antrum refer to

A

terminal esophagus

73
Q

what does Valsalva maneuver help to demonstrate

A

esophageal varices

74
Q

how does the esophagus appear in the presence of a mediastinal mass during fluoroscopy

A

displacement

75
Q

what does the “rat tail sign” indicate during an esophagography

A

achalasia

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