lesson 1

Question 1

• Substances administered in the
  body to demonstrate a visible image
  of hollow organs in the body.
• High or low atomic number of chemicals or substances compared
  to adjacent structures.
• Improves demonstration of different
  densities in the human body.

Answer 1

CONTRAST MEDIA

Question 2

PURPOSE OF CONTRAST MEDIA

Answer 2

• Contrast Study
• Opacification
• Visualization

Question 3

TYPES OF CONTRAST MEDIA

Answer 3

• POSITIVE C.M. (Radiopaque, Absorb more x-rays, High Atomic Number (Z), Bright/White, Radionuclide: C.M. used in nuclear medicine)
• NEGATIVE C.M. (Radiolucent, Transmit x-rays, Low Atomic Number (Z), Dark/Black)

Question 4

non- absorbable, high atomic number,
relatively cheap, less irritating contrast media. It cannot be
dissolved in water (colloidal suspension) and is not applicable on
patients with suspected perforation

Answer 4

Barium Sulfate (BaSO4)

Question 5

(75% C.M. + 25% WATER) - Esophagography

Answer 5

PASTE MIXTURE

Question 6

(50% C.M. + 50% WATER) – Upper
Gastrointestinal Series (UGIS)/Small Intestinal Series (SIS)

Answer 6

THICK MIXTURE

Question 7

(25% C.M. + 75% WATER) – Barium Enema

Answer 7

THIN MIXTURE

Question 8

(2 tbsp. C.M. + 1 glass WATER

Answer 8

MILK MIXTURE

Question 9

patient cannot tolerate c.m

Answer 9

Histamine imbalance

Question 10

ADVERSE REACTION OF C.M.

Answer 10

1st degree (MILD)
2nd degree (MODERATE)
3rd degree (SEVERE)
4th degree (FATAL)

Question 11

Process where in a few amount of contrast media is administered to the patient before administrating the whole amount. Reactions usually occur 10-15 mins after

Answer 11

SENSITIVITY TESTING

Question 12

uses 2 kinds of C.M. in 2 different ways of introduction

Answer 12

DUAL

Question 13

small amount of C.M. is used to coat the lining
membrane of the hollow organ

Answer 13

MUCOSAL PHASE STUDY

Question 14

full dose of C.M. is used to fill the hollow organ
and to study the general outline, shape, size, position and anatomical
contour and morphological deformities of the organ

Answer 14

FILLING PHASE STUDY

Question 15

C.M. is administered via tube passing
through the mouth or nose and into duodenum after administration of
glucagon. A positive and negative C.M. are used to detect lesions

Answer 15

HYPOTONIC DUODENOGRAPHY

Question 16

intramuscular administration. (moderately severe reactions)

Answer 16

Ampoule Benadryl (Diphenhydramine HC)

Question 17

relieves itching and irritation affecting the
eyes within 5-10 mins. After administration and will
last up to 2-6 hrs.

Answer 17

Antistine

Question 18

relieve CM reaction in bronchodilator

Answer 18

Epinephrine

Question 19

test abduction for vocal cords, take exposure before chest comes to rest

Answer 19

QUIET INSPIRATION

Question 20

test adduction vocal cords, take a deep breath
then exhales slowly and phonate low pitch ‘ah’ or high pitch ‘eh’

Answer 20

NORMAL PHONATION (EXPIRATORY PHONATION)

Question 21

demonstrate laryngeal
ventricle, exhale completely then slowly inhale to make a sound. (Powers, Holtz, Ogura)

Answer 21

INSPIRATORY PHONATION (REVERSE PHONATION/ASPIRANT MANEUVER)

Question 22

complete closure of glottis, test elasticity and functional integrity of glottis. Take a
deep breath and while holding the breath in, bear down as though trying to move the bowels.

Answer 22

VALSALVA MANEUVER

Question 23

test elasticity of the hypopharynx and piriform. Pinch off the nose,
close the mouth and tries to blow the nose. Like blowing out a balloon

Answer 23

MODIFIED VALSALVA MANEUVER

Question 24

exhale then tries to inhale against the closed glottis.

Answer 24

MUELLER MANEUVER

Question 25

(occurs during administration of c.m.) – systemic shock, Myocardial Infarction, Renal Shutdown, Hypertension, Urticaria

Answer 25

Hemodynamic

Question 26

(mild transient effect if patients
are experiencing fatigue or anxiety)

Answer 26

Psychosomatic reaction