MIDTERM EXAM-LECTURE 1 Flashcards
What are 2 pain chemicals
Potassium and serotonin
What are 2 red flag signs
Unexplained weight loss and night sweats
Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than?
3 months
2 mechanisms that can account for chronic pain:
Mechanical and chemical, chronic nerve entrapment
What types of TX are best for chronic pain
Biopsychosocial
Medication, counselling, group program.
Example of an objective way to evaluate pain:
Pain scales (VAS) and (MPQ)
C Fibers conduct pain that is:
Longer lasting or burning
Gate control theory?
Decrease of sensation of pain: A beta fibers
The area in the spinal cord where “gating of pain” occurs is called:
Substantia Gelatinosa
3 stages of tissue healing:
Inflammation
Proliferative
Remodelling
Time lines for tissue healing:
I- 4-6 days
P-4-24 days
R-21 days- 2 years
What is a cytokine? Name one?
Chemicals that are produced by WBC signal other white blood cells to come and get things moving
TGF **
A hyperirritable spot in muscle or fascia is known as a:
trigger point
CPTBC Standard 18- what is it?
The physical therapist is responsible and accountable
for the physical therapy services provided by
personnel working under their supervision
(supervisees)
What is evidence-based practice?
best available evidence with clinical judgement
Adverse effects of pain:
spasm, weakness, decreased ROM, fatigue, insomnia, etc.
Common mechanisms to account for chronic pain
Mechanical – nerve entrapment
Chemical – previously mentioned chems
Regeneration – as nerves are re-growing can be a period of increased nerve irritation.
Reflexes – persistent motor reflexes after acute inflammation gone
Inhibitory failure – failure of the CNS to release endogenous opiates – eg MS, SCI pain.
Referred Pain
Pain arising from deep structures but felt at another distant site
A delta
sharp and pricking sensation – well localized and of sharp sensation
Endogenous Opioids
endorphins, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalins
Delays in wound healing
to compromised immunity
Certain meds such as NSAIDS, Steroids and anti-rejection drugs will slow the healing process
Radiation and chemotherapy will also delay the healing process.
Aging will also delay healing
trigger point?
Muscle knots are hyperirritable spots in muscle or fascial tissue known as myofascial trigger points
Trigger points typically fall into one of two categories:
Active. These active trigger points produce intense pain in the body.
Latent/hidden. You don’t feel pain from these latent/dormant trigger points unless you press on them
Treatments for myofascial trigger points
Therapeutic massage or relaxation massage
Myofascial release/fascial rolling
Therapeutic stretching techniques
Dry-needling
Low level laser therapy
Electrostimulation
Pulsed ultrasound
Mechanical vibration
Ischemic compression
“Spray-and-stretch” cooling spray
