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THER 215 > LECTURE 3 > Flashcards

LECTURE 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is negative pressure wave?

A

rarefaction

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2
Q

2 modes of waves

A

Longitudinal and shear

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3
Q

Relationship b/w absorption and penetration:

A

We want more absorption, which results in less penetration

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4
Q

If US head is not moved, this results in what wave?

A

Stationary

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5
Q

Range of therapeutic US frequency from_____ to______

A

.75 MHz to 3 MHz

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6
Q

Intensity measured in?

A

w/cm2- Watts

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7
Q

What is cavitation?

A

effect of small gas bubbles growing and then contracting in harmony with the sound wave.

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8
Q

What setting would be used to decrease swelling

A

Low intensity- 0.1-0.5, 10% low duty cycle

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9
Q

How does ultrasound act non-thermally?

A

Acoustic streaming- stimulate the cell membrane

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10
Q

Purpose of gel:

A

lubricate the skin, minimally absorb US, decrease impedance, if it hits the skin ultrasound wave will bounce right back

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11
Q

Depth of TX what is important?

A

Frequency- depth

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12
Q

Contraindications of US:

A

Open wounds, pregnancy, skin infection

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13
Q

How does the shape of shockwave differ from the US?

A

Shock wave is really only a positive wave with a ripple, US comes up and down.

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14
Q

Shockwave is generally better for conditions which are?

A

Chronic

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15
Q

The most common type of shockwave:

A

Radial

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16
Q

Unlike US, shockwave does not have what?

A

A crystal, has a piston

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17
Q

What does SEMG actually measure?

A

Depolarization of an axon- electrically activity in a nerve

18
Q

What does GSR measure

A

Sweat

19
Q

Why might somebody benefit from down-training?

A

Chronic stress conditions- chronic headaches, migraines, etc.

20
Q

What is a commonly uptrained muscle?

A

Vastus medialis obliques, infraspinatus, tibialis ant.

21
Q

positive pressure wave called?

A

Compression

22
Q

Frequency =

A

depth

23
Q

The higher the frequency-depth, the greater the ?

A

absorption in superficial tissue

24
Q

Total power is measured in

A

watts. watts/cm 2

25
Q

most common transducer head size

A

is 5 cm2

26
Q

ERA

A

effective radiating area, Cannot effectively rad more than 2x the US head

27
Q

Unstable cavitation happens more readily at 1 MHz. Why?

A

US wave will go deeper= get more water

28
Q

acoustic streaming-

A

gas bubbles are bouncing along

29
Q

Non-thermal effects cont. - US

A

Phagocytic (WBC) activity increases as does fibroblastic activity
Protein synthesis by fibroblasts occurs
Angiogenesis (blood vessels) is enhanced
Capillary density is increased
Wound contraction enhanced

30
Q

Precautions US

A

Active epiphysis
Acute injury or inflammation
Damaged or at-risk skin
Infection
Skin disease
Impaired circulation or sensation
Impaired cognition or communication
Plastic or cement implants
Regenerating nerves

31
Q

Contraindications
US

A

Hemorrhagic conditions
Eyes, anterior neck, carotid sinus, reproductive organs
Electronic device
DVT or thrombophlebitis (local)
Malignancy (local)
Pregnancy (local)
Tuberculosis (local)
Recently radiated tissue (local)

32
Q

shockwave or ESWT means

A

extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT)

33
Q

most common SW

A

radial

34
Q

Contraindications of Shockwave

A

Pregnancy
Over major blood vessels and nerves
Pacemakers or other implanted devices
Open wounds
Joint replacements
Epiphysis
Blood clotting disorders including thrombosis
Infection
Cancerous tissues
A compromised mental status of the patient and/or the inability to cooperate.

35
Q

Biological effects of shockwave

A

Increase cell wall permeability
Increase circulation
Release substance P (irritation to nerve endings)to initiate inflammatory response and immune response
vasodilation

36
Q

what does the electromyogram do?

A

measures muscle activity. Two electrodes (or sensors) are placed on the skin over the muscle to be monitored

37
Q

What does “up-train” mean?

A

means to increase muscle activity

38
Q

What does “down-train” Mean?

A

means to decrease muscle activity (tone)

39
Q

Commonly down-trained muscles?

A

Upper trapezius
Masseter
Temporalis

40
Q
A

THER 215 (4 decks)

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