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PHARM 205 (Midterm) > Midterm Exam (IntroductionㅡPITAHC) > Flashcards

Midterm Exam (IntroductionㅡPITAHC) Flashcards

1
Q

According to WHO, it refers to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country’s own traditional or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health care system.

A

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

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2
Q

___ is health care that uses all appropriate therapeutic approaches—conventional and non-mainstream—within a framework that focuses on health, the therapeutic relationship, and the whole person.

A

Integrative medicine

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3
Q

____ refers to non-mainstream practices used together with conventional medicine

A

Complementary medicine

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4
Q

are defined as medicinal drugs used in conventional systems of medicine with the intention to treat or prevent disease, or to restore, correct or modify physiological function.

A

Conventional pharmaceuticals

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5
Q

refers to non-mainstream practices used instead of conventional medicine.

A

Alternative medicine

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6
Q

include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products that contain, as active ingredients, parts of plants, other plant materials or combinations thereof.

A

Herbal medicines

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7
Q

is defined as the sum total of knowledge and practices, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosing, preventing or eliminating physical, mental and social diseases.

A

Indigenous traditional medicine

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8
Q

is the sum total of the knowledge, skill and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness

A

Traditional medicine

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9
Q

Declaration of Alma-Ata an International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978

A

(Article VII Section 7)

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10
Q

Approval of R.A. 8423

A

(TAMA Act of 1997)

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11
Q

Beijing Declaration (to integrate traditional medicine (TM) / complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into national health systems)

A

o National Policy on TM/CAM
o National Regulation of Traditional and Herbal Medicines
o TM in Primary Health Care
o National Regulation of TM/CAM Practice
o Research on TM/CAM

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12
Q

SIX BASIC PHILOSOPHIES

A

● The healing power of nature: The belief that the body has the inherit nature to heal itself.
● Treat the whole person: The belief that health and disease result from the interaction of a person’s physical, mental, emotional, genetic, environmental and social components.
● First, do no harm.
● Identify and treat the cause: The belief that one should treat the cause of disease, not merely the symptoms.
● Prevention is the best cure.
● The physician is a teacher: The belief that a physician’s major role is to educate, empower and motivate patients to take responsibility for their own health.

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13
Q

CAM approaches are most often used to treat:

A
  1. Back pain and problems
  2. Colds
  3. Neck pain or problems
  4. Joint pain or stiffness
  5. Anxiety or depression
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14
Q

According to the survey, the 10 most commonly used CAM therapies were:

A
  1. Prayer for own health
  2. Prayer by others for the respondent’s health
  3. Participation in prayer group for own health
  4. Natural products (such as herbs, other botanicals, and enzymes)
  5. Deep breathing exercises
  6. Meditation
  7. Chiropractic care
  8. Yoga
  9. Massage
  10. Diet based therapies (such as Atkins, Pritikin, Ornish, and Zone diets)
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15
Q

People who have chronic conditions that are difficult to treat effectively may be more likely to pursue CAM methods.

A
  1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
  2. Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. Autism spectrum disorder
  4. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  5. Fibromyalgia
  6. Chronic fatigue
  7. Cancer
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16
Q

In one study, published in the ________, people with cancer who received a poor prognosis reported using CAM more often than the better prognosis group.

A

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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17
Q

The __________________________ classifies CAM therapies into 5 major groups.

A

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)

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18
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF CAM

A
  1. Alternative medical system
  2. Biological medicine
  3. Energy medicine
  4. Manual medicine
  5. Mind/body medicine
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19
Q

Built upon complete systems of theory and practice.

Examples include homeopathy, naturopathy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and Ayurveda.

A

Alternative medical systems

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20
Q

The use of substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins to promote health and healing.

A

Biological medicine

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21
Q

Involves the use of energy fields to promote health and healing. Some kinds of energy medicine (known as biofield therapies) aim to influence energy fields believed to surround and penetrate the human body.

Examples include qi gong, Reiki, and Therapeutic Touch. Other forms of energy medicine (known as bioelectromagnetic based medicine) use electromagnetic fields, such as electroacupuncture.

A

Energy medicine

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22
Q

Based on manipulation and movement of one or more parts of the body.

Examples include osteopathy, physical therapy, massage, chiropractic, Feldenkrais, and reflexology.

A

Manual medicine

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23
Q

Are based on the theory that mental and emotional factors can influence physical health.

Behavioral, psychological, social, and spiritual methods are used to preserve health and prevent/cure disease.

Uses a range of techniques to help boost the mind’s ability to influence bodily functions.

Examples include biofeedback, deep relaxation, guided imagery, hypnotherapy, meditation, prayer, support groups, and yoga.

A

Mind/body medicine

24
Q

What is (PITAHC)?

A

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE

25
Q

PITAHC VISION

A

“People’s health through traditional and alternative health care”

26
Q

PITAHC MISSION

A

“We lead in the research and development, promotion, and advocacy and development of standards on traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM); and we ensure its accessibility, availability, sustainability, and integration into the national health care system”

27
Q

PITAHC THRUSTS

A

● Conduct, coordinate and manage research studies on T&CM policies, products, services and technologies.

● Develop standards for specific T&CM practices.

● Manage knowledge and information for the promotion and utilization of T&CM products, services and technologies.

28
Q

PITAHC MFOs

A
  1. MFO 1 – Research and Development Services
  2. MFO 2 – Technical Advisory and Advocacy Services
  3. MFO 3 – Regulation of Traditional and Alternative Medicine Practice
29
Q

_________ is a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to the Department of Health (DOH)

A

Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care

30
Q

Director general of PITAHC

A

Annabelle Pabiona-De Guzman, MD, FPAFP, MHA, MA Med (UK), CESE

31
Q

Board of Trustees composed of representatives from different government agencies namely:

A

· Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
· Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
· Department of Agriculture (DA)
· Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

32
Q

Representatives from the industries/sectors namely:

A

· A physician engaged in the practice of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM)
· A member from a duly recognized academe engaged in T&CM research
· A T&CM practitioner who is not a physician
· A western medical practitioner preferably from the Philippine Medical Association
· One (1) member from the natural food industry and one member (1) from environmental sector.

33
Q

SECRETARY OF HEALTH

A

Chairman of the Board

34
Q

mandates the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) “to improve the quality and delivery of health care services to the Filipino people through the development of traditional and alternative health care and its integration into the national health care delivery system“

A

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8423

35
Q

When was REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8423 created?

A

December 7, 1997

36
Q

Who is the author of REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8423?

A

Senator Juan M. Flavier

37
Q

T&CM services integrated in 2 DOH-retained Hospitals:

A

• Amang Rodriguez Memorial and Medical Center

• Region 2 Trauma and Medical Center

38
Q

Acupuncture trainings conducted in DOH:

A

• Retained Hospitals and LGU facilities (9 trainings)

39
Q

Development of standards (competency standards, code of ethics) for T&CM modalities:

A

• Acupuncture
• Chiropractic
• Homeopathy/Homotoxicology
• Naturopathy
• Tuina Massage
• Hilot

40
Q

5 Herbal Medicines included in the Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF)

A
  1. Sambong
  2. Lagundi
  3. Tsaang gubat
  4. Akapulko
  5. Yerba Buena
41
Q

A. Integration of T & CM in Service Delivery Units

A

Establish Traditional and Complementary (T&CM) Units in all DOH-retained hospitals thru an MOU between PITAHC and DOH retained-Hospitals

42
Q

Pilot site implementation in receptive DOH and LGU facilities:

A

• Luzon – Batangas Medical Center

• Visayas – Vicente Sotto Memorial and Medical Center

• Mindanao – Southern Philippines Medical Center

43
Q

B. Areas for Integration of T & CM

A

● Integration of T&CM modalities in the SDN framework for inclusion in the Philhealth benefit package

● Inclusion of T&CM indicators in the National Objectives for Health (NOH) and other DOH Goals and targets

● Provision of human resources and budget for T&CM integration at National and Regional DOH budgets

● Integration of T&CM in medical and allied health curriculum and offering of short courses in autonomous colleges/universities

44
Q

C. Regulation of T & CM

A

• Option 1: PITAHC to license T&CM practitioners and facilities
ㅡ Amend TAMA Law/IRR
ㅡ Revisit existing certification and accreditation standards/guidelines

• Option 2: Explore the possibility for PRC and DOH-HFSRB to regulate T&CM practitioners and facilities
ㅡ Co-develop licensing standards for practitioners with PRC and facilities with HFSRB

• Coordination with LGUs (Business Permit Licensing Office, MHO/CHO) on PITAHC certification and accreditation for T&CM modalities

• Strengthen linkages with concerned government regulatory agencies (i.e. DOLE, BI, DOJ, DILG, PRC)

45
Q

D. Inclusion of T&CM in Philhealth Benefit Package

A

• Develop evidence for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of T&CM modalities

• Develop Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for T&CM modalities

• Contract out or Commission research institutions to co-develop Philhealth benefit package for T&CM modalities

46
Q

to grant PITAHC full regulatory power/functions on the practice of T&CM Modalities specifically on the licensure of T&CM practitioners and facilities

A

Amendment of the TAMA Law (R.A. 8423)

47
Q

WHO has identified four (4) types of health system structures in relation to T&CM:

A

● TOLERANT Health System
● INCLUSIVE Health System
● INTEGRATIVE Health System
● PARALLEL Health System

48
Q

Health Care is based entirely on conventional medicine and T&CM are not officially recognized (Canada, UK, other African countries)

A

TOLERANT Health System

49
Q

recognizes T&CM but has not incorporated into all aspects of health care (Philippines, and other Southeast Asian countries)

A

INCLUSIVE Health System

50
Q

T&CM is officially recognized and incorporated into all areas of health care provision (China, Korea and Vietnam)

A

INTEGRATIVE Health System

51
Q

T&CM are widely used, more than 50% of the population access these services and regulation are totally separate for allopathic medicine and T&CM modalities (India)

A

PARALLEL Health System

52
Q

License the products but using the PITAHC standards and guidelines developed

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

53
Q

License the practitioners and facilities using the PITAHC standards and guidelines developed

A

PRC and DOH-HFSRB

54
Q

May ONLY deputize PITACH to license T & CM facilities

A

DOH-HFSRB

55
Q

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

A

• Revised RA 8423

• IRR DOH Administrative Order

• Department Order MOA, MOU

PHARM 205 (Midterm) (6 decks)

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