MIDTERM EXAM 2 Flashcards
A theoretical time before government and society discussed by the Enlightment Philosophers. Hobbes said it is a “war of every man against every man”
State of Nature
The idea that no one is above the law, and therefore everyone is subject to the same laws no matter who they are.
Rule of Law
Theory that people living in society must abide by certain agreements in order to protect everyone’s rights, which are derived from basic agreements people would have and agree to in that community
Social Contract
The idea that people have a claim to life, liberty, and property before the creation of society or government, which was described by John Locke in his Second Treatise on Government.
Natural Rights
Baron de Montesqieu described the issues with a leader or group of leaders having too much control. He said that the authority of a government should be independent from one another.
Separation of Powers
The ideas of Enlightment had an impact on many of those who wrote the U.S. Constitution. Which political concept is generally associated with the Enlightment?
The idea of a social Contract between the government and the governed
Colonial assemblies opposed the Stamp act because it felt that Parliament should not:
Tax the colonist without representation
Rule by the many, which can lead to Tyranny of the majority
Democracy
Rule by one typically based on family heritage and bloodline
Monarchy
Rule by the few, there is a rolling class, but this is non-specific
Oligarchy
A system of government which divides the powers between LEVELS of government, with the national level having supremacy
Federalism
A system of government which divides the power between BRANCHES turn of government with no branch being supreme over the others.
Separation of Powers
What document from 1215 is the first instance of rule of law, where both the king and the barons were subject to the laws of the Charter?
Magna Carta
What document from 1689 guaranteed certain liberties and freedoms for the citizens of Great Britain, which the colonists would have assumed apply to themselves?
English Bill of Rights
What document from 1620 is the first instance of self-governance alex, when the passengers coming to form a colony in North America agreed to abide by the terms of this document when they were disembarked (got off the ship)?
Mayflower Compact
Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet that inspired many Americans including the Founding Fathers to support a revolution and declare independence from England.
Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson wrote this document, many of its phrases influenced by John Locke, describing the colonies intention of separating from England, saying they had the right to be among the nations.
Declaration of Independence
During the Revolutionary War this United States’ first government was formed by the:
Articles of Confederation
What event showed the weakness of the Confederation because it had no ability to put down insurrections and revolts?
Shays’ Rebellion
The Constitutional Convention’s original intent was to:
Revise and strengthen the Articles of Confederation
The plan which combined the Large State Plan and the Small State Plan giving us the agreement which was enumerated in our current Constitution
Connecticut “Great” Compromise
Who would not agree to ratify the new constitution unless a Bill of Rights was added?
Anti-Federalists
For taxation and representation purposes, slaves were counted as population, but did not receive the right to vote according to this agreement.
3/5ths Compromise
- Using source one which of the following statements best summarizes the argument made in this excerpt?
The people should be cautious when ceding power to the government
- Using Source 2, according to this quotation, you can conclude that some representatives at the Constitutional Convention wanted:
Greater power to be given to states to regulate foreign affairs
