Midterm Exam Flashcards
Which mineral group contains silica and oxygen as the fundamental building blocks?
Silicates
Which property is used to
differentiate calcite from quartz?
Cleavage
Which mineral reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid by
effervescing?
Calcite
What mineral has a metallic luster?
Pyrite
Which crystal system has all three axes of unequal length and non-perpendicular angles?
Triclinic
A mineral’s ability to resist scratching is measured by:
Hardness
What mineral is commonly found in granite?
Feldspar
What igneous texture indicates slow cooling?
Phaneritic
Basalt is classified as:
Mafic, Extrusive
The process of magma differentiation where early-formed minerals are removed from the melt is called:
Fractional Crystallization
Which mineral is the first to crystallize from a cooling magma according to Bowen’s Reaction Series?
Olivine
The main agents of metamorphism are:
Heat and Pressure
Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms under what condition?
High pressure, high temperature
A foliated metamorphic rock with alternating bands of light and dark minerals is called:
Gneiss
The primary difference between shale and slate is
Degree of metamorphism
What type of sedimentary rocks is formed from the accumulation of plant material?
Coal
The primary mineral found in sandstone is:
Quartz
Which term describes the process where sediments are transformed into sedimentary rock?
Lithification
A mineral deposit with economical value
Ore
Which mineral is a common core of iron?
Magnetite
