2.1 Flashcards
What is mineralogy?
The study of minerals, their composition, structure, properties, and classification.
What is the definition of a mineral?
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
True or False: All minerals are formed through geological processes.
True
What is the Mohs scale used for?
To measure the hardness of minerals.
Fill in the blank: The most abundant mineral group in the Earth’s crust is __________.
silicates
What is the primary component of granite?
Quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Which mineral is known for its sheet-like structure?
Mica
What is the process of rock formation from magma called?
Igneous rock formation.
True or False: Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments.
True
What type of rock is formed through metamorphism?
Metamorphic rock.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth’s surface, while extrusive rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the surface.
What is the primary mineral in limestone?
Calcite.
Fill in the blank: __________ rocks are formed from the compression and cementation of sediments.
Sedimentary
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
The alignment of minerals in parallel layers due to pressure.
What are the two main types of metamorphism?
Contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism.
True or False: Basalt is an example of an intrusive igneous rock.
False
What is the term for the texture of igneous rocks that have large crystals?
Phaneritic.
What mineral is commonly used to make cement?
Calcite.
What is the main characteristic of clastic sedimentary rocks?
They are composed of fragments of pre-existing rocks or minerals.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.
Weathering
What is the significance of the rock cycle?
It describes the continuous transformation of rocks from one type to another over geological time.
What is a common example of a metamorphic rock?
Schist.
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the green color in peridotite?
Olivine.
True or False: The texture of a rock can provide information about its origin.
True
What is the significance of studying mineralogy and petrology in civil engineering?
Understanding the properties of rocks and minerals aids in material selection and site suitability for construction.
