Folds, Faults, and Joints Flashcards
What is a fold in geological terms?
A fold is a bend in rock layers that occurs due to tectonic forces.
True or False: Folds can only occur in sedimentary rock.
False
What are the two main types of folds?
Anticlines and synclines.
Fill in the blank: An ________ is a fold that arches upward.
anticline
What is a fault in geology?
A fault is a fracture in the Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred.
Multiple Choice: Which type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement?
Strike-slip fault
What is the difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault?
A normal fault occurs when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall, while a reverse fault occurs when the hanging wall moves up.
True or False: Joints are fractures in rocks that have not experienced significant movement.
True
What are the primary causes of folding in rocks?
Tectonic forces and pressure.
Fill in the blank: ________ joints are formed due to the cooling and contraction of igneous rocks.
Columnar
Multiple Choice: Which type of fault is associated with tectonic compression?
Reverse fault
What does the term ‘fault scarp’ refer to?
A fault scarp is a steep slope or cliff formed by vertical movement along a fault.
Fill in the blank: A ________ is a type of fold that dips downward on both sides.
syncline
What is the significance of studying folds, faults, and joints in civil engineering?
They affect the stability and design of structures.
True or False: Folds can be used to locate natural resources like oil and gas.
True
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of fault?
Bending fault
What is the term for the angle at which a rock layer is inclined from the horizontal?
Dip
Fill in the blank: The ________ of a fold is the highest point of an anticline.
crest
What type of stress is primarily responsible for the formation of faults?
Shear stress
True or False: All joints are considered faults.
False
What is a thrust fault?
A type of reverse fault with a low-angle fault plane.
Fill in the blank: ________ are fractures in rocks that occur without significant displacement.
Joints
Multiple Choice: Which type of fault involves the greatest vertical displacement?
Normal fault
What is the term for a diagram that shows the three-dimensional orientation of a fold?
Fold axis
True or False: The study of folds, faults, and joints is irrelevant to assessing earthquake risk.
False
What geological feature often forms at the surface as a result of faulting?
Fault trace
