Midterm Exam Flashcards
Shield suscept with chemical or physical barrier.
Protection
Two types of control according to general principles in plant pest control.
Suscept and pathogen
Two types of suscept according to general principles in plant pest control.
Protection
Immunization
Two types of pathogen according to general principles in plant pest control.
Exclusion
Eradication
Change suscept’s reaction to disease.
Immunization
It kept the pathogens out
Exclusion
It destroy or eliminates the pathogen.
Eradication
-to prevent the import and spread of plant pathogens into the areas from which they are absent.
-the avoidance of the pathogen aims to enable the host to avoid contact or
- the ensure that the susceptible host and favorable environment conditions for the pathogen do not coincide.
Avoidance/Exclusion
-Quarantine and inspection
-Inspection and seed certification
-Use of pathogen-free propagating planting material.
Avoidance/exclusion
-Regulations controlling the import and export of plants to prevent the spread of disease and pests.
-Each state is responsible for enforcing quarantine regulations to prevent the spread of pest and disease within the state.
Quarantine and inspection
-Regulation controlling the import of plants to prevent the spread of disease and pests.
-Inspection of plants/insects at legal entry checkpoints.
-All planting materials, plant products, insects, etc. prohibited materials subjected to inspection at the entry checkpoint and found infested or infected shall be treated, quarantined, or destroyed.
Quarantine and inspection
This document certifies that the plants are free from harmful pests and diseases. It’s like a passport for your plant, ensuring that it can safely enter the country without posing a threat to local agriculture.
Phytosanitary certificate
This is the government agency responsible for plant health in the country or origin.
National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)
The permit typically includes details about the type of plant, quantity, country of origin, and any treatments or inspections performed.
Contains specific information
Customs officials will check the permit to verify that the plants meet the country’s import regulations.
Required at ports of Entry
Depending on the country and plant type, you might also need other documents, such as import licenses or health certificates.
May require additional documents
-Grow the plant in an area or environment that is suitable for the growth of the pathogen.
- Use disease-free seeds.
- Growing the crop in an area free of isolation from the pathogen.
Use of disease-free propagating planting material
This principle aims to reduce or eliminate the amount of pathogen after it is introduced into an area but before it has become well-established or widely spread.
Eradication Principle
True or false
Eradication Principle is generally not effective over large geographic areas.
True
It can be applied to;
-individual plants
- seed lots
- Fields or regions
-Destroying weeds that are reservoirs of various pathogens or insect vectors of disease.
- Biological control of plant pathogen
- Crop rotation
- Soil treatment
-Heat and chemical treatment
Eradication
Eradication can be done by….
-Weeds removal
-Burning of infected residue crop
-Soil treatment
-The practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons.
-Crop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility demands of soil nutrients.
Crop rotation
-Preventing infection by creating a chemical toxic barrier between the plant surface and pathogens.
-Protect the plant directly from any infections that are likely to arrive.
Protection
-chemical treatment
-chemical control of insect vector
-modification of the environment
-modification of the host nutrition
Protection
The crop is covered with plastic sleeves and raised planting beds.
Protection
-The most important and effective principles of achieving successful management of plant disease.
-preventing infection or reducing the effect of infection by managing the host through improvement of resistance in it by genetic manipulation.
Immunization/ Resistant
-Selection and hybridization of disease- resistance
-Mutation and disease resistance
Immunization/Resistance
The one who searched for or developed such resistant varieties of plants in which the host defends itself against the pathogen.
Plant breeders
He says that ”There are three constants in Life ……Change,Choice, and Principles.
Stephen Covey
-Involves in any measure that prevents the occurrence of a pest or the prevention of the entry or establishment of a pest to a new area whether to a new country, island, municipality, or even to a new farm where it has not occurred.
Regulatory pest management
The one who issued quarantine regulations.
Bureau of Plant Industry-National Quarantine Services Division.
Regulatory pest management is also called _____?
Exclusion or avoidance
What are the various management techniques to prevent the entry and spread of pests to a new area.
Pest exclusion, detection, eradication, mitigation, and public education.
Pests that are introduced coming from another country.
Exotic pests
Example of exotic pest?
Golden Apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
Prevention of the entry of any exotic pest to a new area and this is why the government in any country is exerting efforts in this endeavor
First-hand method of preventing pest outbreak
Natural factors that pests spread from one area to another.
Wind, rain, storm, or wildlife movement
Two types of ways pests spread from one area to another.
Natural spread
Artificial spread
Spread of pests by itself or using natural factors such as wind, rain, storm, or wildlife movement.
Natural spread
Spread of pests without human intervention.
Natural spread
Example of artificial spread of pests.
Aircraft, buses,ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles.
True or false
In general, quarantines or regulatory laws are not effective at controlling the natural spread of pests.
True
The movement of pests by people via aircraft, buses, ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles.
Artificial spread
Spread of pests with human intervention.
Artificial spread
Specific main objective of regulatory management of pests.
Prevention
Creation of legally enforced stoppages of plant or animal pests or the materials that harbor them at ports of entry by inspection, interception, and destruction and this is simply termed as _________.
Quarantine
Designed to reduce the movement of infested materials to minimize the entry of exotic pests into a country.
Quarantine regulations
The primary government unit to monitor and control the movement of plant pests and diseases in the country.
BPI
NPQSD stand for______
National Plant Quarantine Services Division
It was elected on June 10,1978 to “Promulgate the Plant Quarantine Law”
Plant Quarantine Decree(PD1433)
Are often employed to prevent the immigration of foreign pests or to prevent the dispersal of established pests. The legal sanctions are aimed, not at the themselves, but at people illegally carrying plants or planting materials that may harbor insect pests, plant disease, and weed seeds.
Regulatory action
How are the pests introduced into a New Area?
Contaminated seeds
Vegetative planting materials
Soil
Irrigation water
Introduce vector
Man
