Mechanical And Cultural Pest Control Practices Flashcards
Uses mechanical force or manual labor either for destruction or exclusive of pest thereby suppressing them.
Mechanical pest control
What are the methods of mechanical pest control:
Handpicking, hooking, brushing, combing, crushing, swatting, sitting and shaking.
Methods used for insects and snails
Handpicking
Methods used for example to remove worms from inside tree trunks.
Hooking
Methods can be used for pests domestic animals such as lice ticks.
Brushing and combing
Methods can be used or done for golden kuhol. Pomacea canaliculata.
Crushing
Methods can be used for household flies.
Swatting
Methods can be used to remove for example weevils and worms from flour.
Sifting
Method can be used or applied to plants to remove insect pest and control.
Shaking
Using exclusion devices such as fences, barriers, such as wraps, nets, or electronic wires and traps. It includes also weeding.
Mechanical pest barriers
The most common mechanical control method.
Pest barriers
Type of barriers used to prevent rats and some insect pest from climbing
Metal bands in tree trunks
Type of barriers used around rice paddies tk control rats.
Nets
Type of barriers that is commonly practice method for the control of insect infestation and diseases infection on fruit’s. E.g wrapping of mangoes.
Fruit bagging
Type of barriers used to prevent weeds and snail pest.
Screen in irrigation pipes
Type of pest barriers that is placed over lkabts to exclude pests( also act as a windbreak or extend the growing season by retaining heat in temperate areas)
-all while still being permeable to light, water and air.
Floating row covers in garden plots or field.
Type of materials that are used in floating row covers.
Spun-binded or woven plastic, polyester or polypropylene material
Type of traps that are generally used for insects?
Sticky traps
Type of traps that is used for rodents
Mechanical traps
Practice of modifying the growing environment of the plants to make them more resilient against the pest or modifyinh the habitat of the pest to reduce their prevalence.
Cultural control
Defined as the deliberate alteration of the production system, either the cropping system itself or specific crop production practices, to reduce pest populations or avoid pest injury Tk crops.
Cultural control
Main purpose of cultural control
Make the environment less favorable for the pest and more favorable to the crop and natural enemies.
Cultural control can be considered as _______
Ecological pest control
-Tried and true control technique
-involve one or two or more seasons without the host plant or host contact.
- economical and important in the control of many plant pathogens such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi
- also reduces the population of some insect pests
Crop rotation
Example of Solanaceae crops
Potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper
What is the rotation to minimize sweet potato weevil damage?
Rotation of sweet potato with squash and corn is recommended
What is the rotation to minimize the bacterial wilt of population in the soil.
Rotating tomato with corn, string beans and pechay
Tillage or cultivation practices can kill pests through mechanical injury, starvation ( via debris destruction) desiccation and exposure.
Eg. Plowing
Soil cultivation
It kill pests and pathogen propagule, reduce initial insects population or pathogen inoculum for the next cropping season, and destroy wild vegetation (weeds) and volunteer crop plants in and around crop-production habitats.
Soil cultivation
Keep the soil dry that in direct contact with the root collar of the po lant or may come into contact with low hanging fruit which is subject to infection by soil-borne fungi or bacteria.
Shaping the top soil and earthing up or hilling up
Causes the damping- off seedlings, basal stem root and wilts.
Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophthora
A special case of multiple cropping
- involves the planting of an attractive small early crop to protect the main crop.
Trap cropping
Different types of trap cropping arrangements or design
- perimeter trap cropping
-row TRP cropping
-strip trap cropping
Dead-end trap cropping
Trap crop surrounds the main crop from all sides
- feasible on small to medium scale areas (too resource-intensive on large scale (seed,time, management)
Perimeter trap cropping
Planting marigold in a row at the center of rows of tomato to attract thrips early and destroyed.
Row trap cropping
Planting trap crops in a strip along one common border between two or more crops.
Strip trap cropping
The trap crop planted in higher densities to capture more eggs of the insects pest and destroyed.
Trap crop planted earlier than main crop
Dead-end trap cropping
An insect that is attracted to yellow rocket over cabbage, trick is ______
Diamondback moth
Plants that releases substances in the soil that are toxic.
Antagonistic plants
It occurs when chemicals release from the plants reduce the population of the pest organism.
Antagonism (allelopathy)
Example of vegetative planting materials
Cutting,stocks,scion,buds,bulbs, tubers, corms
Example of disease-free planting materials.
Tissue cultured planting materials
Practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in a single field such as multiple cropping, intercropping, multi-storey cropping and companion planting.
Habitat diversification
It will prevent specific pests to build up the population as rapidly as the case in monoculture cropping. They enhance the activities and survival of natural enemies by providing alternate food sources or refuge for these beneficial insects.
Habitat diversification
Types of habitat diversification:
Multiple cropping
Multiple-storey cropping
The ecological conditions to which coconut is adapted are also suitable for growing a variety of fruit and plantation crops, fruits and vegetables underneath.
Multiple-storey cropping
The one way of minimizing the occurrence of pest.
Proper choice of planting site
The one way of minimizing the occurrence of pest.
Proper choice of planting site
