Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tooth Morphology > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

separates dentin from enamel

A

dentinoenamel junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What exits the apical foramen?

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where anatomic crown meets anatomical root

A

cementoenamel junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where cementum and dentin meet

A

cementodentinal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

no blood supply, no nerves

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the final job of ameloblasts?

A

to form nasmyth’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does nasmyth’s membrane do?

A

protects enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

imperfect enamel formation
- little holes in teeth, discolored

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the result of too much fluoride ingested?
- modeled, white coloration

A

fluorosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in children that get lots of fevers and/or infections?

A

enamel damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hard tissue loss from tooth-to-tooth movement
- grinding, bruxism

A

attrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chemical means tooth decay
- acid reflex, bulimia, soda

A

erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

wearing away tooth surface by mechanical means
- brushing teeth too hard

A

abrasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

combination of abrasion of CEJ and grinding

A

Abfraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do dentin and pulp develop from

A

dental papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is softer than enamel but still as hard as bone?

A

Dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genetic condition with imperfect genetic formation, dentin can’t support house

A

dentinogenisis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Babies teeth are affected because of mother taking tetracycline, grey colored

A

tetracycline staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

secreted layers of enamel, dentin, and cementum matrix

A

apposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mineralization completes

A

maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

inner enamel epithelial cells elongate and differentiate into pre-ameloblasts

A

Bell stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What begin to lay down hydroxyapatite crystals and mineralization begins?

A

dentin and enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

process of enamel matrix formation known as the apposition stage of tooth development

A

amelogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the hardest tissue of the body

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what can only be removed by rotary cutting instruments

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is 96% mineralized

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what forms from ameloblasts and is avascular

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what develops from the enamel organ

A

enamel matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

outer layer of epithelial cells

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what form from the inner enamel epithelium

A

ameloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how many ameloblasts join together to form the enamel rod

A

3 to 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a column of enamel that runs perpendicular to the CEJ and extends to the surface of the tooth

A

enamel rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the stage when ameloblasts excrete the enamel matrix

A

mineralization stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

during what stage do crystals grow and begin to calcify

A

maturation stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

incremental growth lines seen in sections of enamel described as brown in color

A

lines of retzuis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

horizontal lines seen on the labial surface of anterior teeth

A

imbrication lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When does root development occur

A

after crown of tooth is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is root development formed from

A

cervical loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is responsible for the shape of the roots

A

hertwigs epithelial root sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what has genetic control and determines the shape of tooth

A

the dental papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is 70% mineralized

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is softer than enamel

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is formed from odontoblasts

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is yellow- white in color

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what makes up the bulk of the tooth and is present on both the crown and root

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what secrete the matrix at the dentoenamel junction and the cells move toward the pulp

A

odontoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

dentin that is formed before the apical foramen is complete in the root

A

primary or regular dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

formed after the completion of the apical foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the apical tooth

A

secondary dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

formed as a result of localized injury to exposed dentin; can form quickly

A

tertiary (reparative, reactive) dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

dentinal tubules are fully calcified associated with chronic injury

A

sclerotic dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

incremental lines (growth rings) in dentin similar to the lines of retzius in enamel

A

imbrication lines of von Ebner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what develops from the mesoderm tissue of the dental papilla

A

the pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

where is the pulp chamber

A

in the crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

where is the pulp canal

A

in the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, fibroblasts and collagen fibers and cells of connective tissue

A

the pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is soft - not calcified or mineralized

A

pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

last portion of tooth to form after the crown erupts

A

apical foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

small calcified circular areas found in the pulp chambers of older persons

A

pulp stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what function of dental pulp is dentin producing cells (odontoblasts)

A

formative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what function of dental pulp is the nerve ending relay sense of pain so we feel it

A

sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what function of dental pulp can pass from heart to tooth in 6 seconds

A

nutritive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what function of dental pulp lays reparative dentin

A

defensive or protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what is the dull yellow external layer of tooth root

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what is very thin especially at the cervical line

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what is 50-65% mineralized

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what is hard as bone but softer than enamel

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what develops from dental sac

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what is produced by cementoblasts

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is odontogenesis?

A

tooth development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

when does odontogenesis begin

A

6 weeks in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

what is the longest growth period of all organs

A

odontogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What are the stages of tooth development in order?

A

Initiation stage
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
Apposition stage
Maturation stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

When is the initiation stage?

A

6-7 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What week is the bud stage?

A

8th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

When is the cap stage?

A

9-10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What are the three MAIN stages of tooth development?

A

Bud, Cap, and Bell stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is the primitive mouth (stomodeum) lined by?

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What gives rise to the oral epithelium?

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Consists of two horseshoe-shaped bands of tissue which will become the two arches/jaw

A

oral epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What migrates to area to influence ectomesenchyme tissue?

A

neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What are the oral epithelium and ectomesenchyme separated by?

A

basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What grows at end of the 7th week?

A

oral epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Oral epithelium grows deeper into ectomesenchyme to produce what?

A

dental lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What starts at the midline and spreads posteriorly to the molar area?

A

Dental lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Absence of single or multiple teeth

A

anodontia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

extra tooth or teeth

A

supernumerary teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What stage is extensive growth of the dental lamina into tooth germ penetrating into ectomesenchyme?

A

Bud stage

88
Q

How many buds will be present for primary and permanent dentitions?

A

Primary - 20 buds
Permanent - 32 buds

89
Q

In areas where teeth don’t develop the dental lamina remains thickened and becomes what?

A

oral mucosa

90
Q

What stage is when proliferation of growth of cells continues?

A

Cap stage

91
Q

What leads to the formation of a cap shape attached to the dental lamina?

A

Cap stage

92
Q

predominant process during cap stage is what?

A

morphogenesis

93
Q

A depression results in the deepest part of each tooth bud of dental lamina and forms a cap or what?

A

enamel organ

94
Q

During cap stage, inner mass of ectomesenchyme now becomes what?

A

dental papilla

95
Q

During cap stage, remaining ectomesenchyme surrounding the outside becomes what?

A

the dental sac

96
Q

At the end of the cap stage, what three embryological structures are now considered to be tooth germs?

A
  1. the enamel organ
  2. dental papilla
  3. dental sac
97
Q

What will give rise to the four tissues that make up a tooth?

A

tooth germ

98
Q

What are the four tissues that make up a tooth?

A
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • cementum
  • pulp
99
Q

“tooth without tooth”

A

dental papilla

100
Q

Formation of tooth bud in cap shape with deep central depression

A

enamel organ

101
Q

what is the future dental tissue produced from the enamel organ?

A

enamel

102
Q

Condensed mass of ectomesenchyme within the concavity of the enamel organ

A

dental papilla

103
Q

what is the future dental tissue produced from dental papilla?

A

dentin and pulp

104
Q

condensed mass of ectomesenchyme surrounding the enamel organ

A

dental sac

105
Q

what future dental tissue is produced from the dental sac?
“PAC” the sac

A

PDL
Alveolar bone
Cementum

106
Q

tooth germ tries to divide
- tooth count is normal

A

germination

107
Q

union of two adjacent tooth germs
- one less tooth count

A

fusion

108
Q

extra cusp

A

tubercle

109
Q

What stage is the continuation of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis?

A

Bell stage

110
Q

What are the four developing tissues of the enamel organ?

A
  • outer enamel epithelium
  • stellate reticulum
  • stratum intermedium
  • inner enamel epithelium
111
Q

Where are cubodial cells?

A

outer enamel epithelium

112
Q

What is a protective barrier for enamel organ during enamel production?

A

outer enamel epithelium

113
Q

more outer star-shaped cells in many layers forming a network

A

stellate reticulum

114
Q

What supports production of enamel matrix?

A
  • stellate reticulum
  • stratum intermedium
115
Q

compressed layer of flat to cubodial cells

A

stratum intermedium

116
Q

what is the innermost layer?

A

inner enamel epithelium

117
Q

What are tall columnar cells?

A

inner enamel epithelium

118
Q

What will differentiate into enamel secreting cells (ameloblasts)?

A

Inner enamel epithelium

119
Q

What are secreting cells?

A

ameloblasts

120
Q

What are the two developing tissues of the dental papilla?

A
  • outer and inner cells of the dental papilla
121
Q

What are nearest to inner enamel epithelium?

A

outer cells of dental papilla

122
Q

Where does the basement membrane exist between?

A

between the inner enamel epithelium and the outer cells

123
Q

What will differentiate into odontoblasts that form dentin matrix?

A

Outer cells of dental papilla

124
Q
  • inner cell mass
  • will differentiate into pulp tissue
A

inner cells of dental papilla

125
Q

What stage is when enamel, dentin, and cementum secrete in successive layers initially as a matrix

A

Apposition stage

126
Q

What stage is when dental tissues fully mineralize?

A

maturation

127
Q

What is the order of odontogenesis?

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. dental lamina
  3. enamel organ
  4. inner enamel epithelium
  5. ameloblasts
  6. enamel
128
Q

What numbers are the maxillary incisors?

A

7-10

129
Q

What numbers are the mandibular incisors?

A

23-26

130
Q

What years do the maxillary central incisors (#8-9) usually erupt?

A

years 7-8

131
Q

What years do the maxillary lateral incisors (#7 and #10) usually erupt?

A

years 8-9

132
Q

What years do the mandibular central incisors (#24-25) usually erupt?

A

years 6-7

133
Q

What years do the mandibular lateral incisors (#23 and #26) usually erupt?

A

Years 7-8

134
Q

What are the functions of the incisors?

A

Cut food
Articulate speech
Support lips
Guide mandible during movement

135
Q

How many lobes do incisors develop from?

A

4 lobes

136
Q

What are mamelons?

A

Round bumps on incisal edges

137
Q

What is diastema?

A

space between teeth, typically between central incisors

138
Q

What are diastema’s a result from?

A

frenum attachment

139
Q

What years do all incisors typically erupt by?

A

6-9 years

140
Q

What are developmental lobes?

A

little pockets for growth centers

141
Q

Small maxillary incisors

A

Peg-lateral

142
Q

What teeth are symmetrical?

A

Mandibular central incisors

143
Q

What is it called when you twist a tooth?

A

Distolingual twist

144
Q

Where are the facial and lingual heights of contour for canines located?

A

Cervical third

145
Q

Where is the contact of the maxillary lateral incisors located?

A

Middle-third

146
Q

What is the largest CEJ curvature of all teeth?

A

Mesial of the maxillary central incisors

147
Q

Where are the mesial and distal marginal ridges of incisors located?

A

The mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface

148
Q

What teeth have wider and longer crowns?

A

Maxillary central incisors (#8-9)

149
Q

What teeth numbers have the smallest root-to-crown ratio?

A

8 and #9

150
Q

What teeth have smaller crowns - narrowest tooth mesiodistally?

A

Mandibular central incisors (#24-25)

151
Q

What teeth have one pulp horn?

A

Maxillary lateral incisors

152
Q

What’s another name for the facial surfaces of anterior teeth?

A

Labial

153
Q

What’s another name for the lingual surface of maxillary teeth?

A

Palatal surface

154
Q

Surface closer to midline

A

Mesial

155
Q

Surface away from from midline

A

Distal

156
Q

Imaginary junction line where two surfaces meet

A

Line angle

157
Q

Elevation or peak on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the incisal edge of canines

A

Cusp

158
Q

Greatest bulge on facial and lingual crown surfaces

A

Height of contour
(Crest of curvature)

159
Q

Continuous space around each contact area

A

Embrasure spaces

160
Q

What are the last teeth to be lost from dental disease?

A

Canines

161
Q

What are the longest teeth in a permanent dentition?

A

Canines

162
Q

What are the numbers of the maxillary canines?

A

6 and #11

163
Q

What are the numbers of the mandibular canines?

A

22 and #27

164
Q

What years do maxillary canines erupt between?

A

years 11-12

165
Q

What years are maxillary canines root completion?

A

Years 13-15

166
Q

What years do mandibular canines erupt between?

A

Years 9-10

167
Q

What year are mandibular canines root completion?

A

Year 13

168
Q

What are the functions of the canines?

A

Support lips
Cut, pierce, and shear food
Protection mechanism

169
Q

What are the lobes of the canines?

A

3 facial lobes
1 lingual lobe

170
Q

How many cusps on the incisal edge of canines?

A

One cusp

171
Q

What teeth have the largest cingulum of all anterior teeth and is centered over the midroot axis?

A

Maxillary canines

172
Q

What angle do mandibular lateral incisors have?

A

Rounded distal angle

173
Q

What heights of contour for the canines are located in the cervical third?

A

Facial and lingual

174
Q

Where are the maxillary canines mesial contacts located?

A

The incisal/middle junction

175
Q

Where are the maxillary canines distal contacts located?

A

Toward the middle third

176
Q

Where are the mandibular canines mesial and distal contacts located?

A

The incisal third

177
Q

What are the facial surface ridges of the canines?

A

Mesial cusp ridge
Labial ridge
Distal cusp ridge

178
Q

What are the lingual surface ridges of canines?

A

Mesial marginal ridge
Lingual ridge
Distal marginal ridge

179
Q

What ridges are shorter than distal cusp ridges on canines?

A

Mesial cusp ridges

180
Q

What are mesial and distal cusp ridges also known as?

A

Cusp slopes or cusp arms

181
Q

What are the specific longest teeth?

A

Maxillary canines #6 and #11

182
Q

What surfaces of canines appear to be smooth?

A

Lingual surfaces

183
Q

What tooth roots bend distally at apex?

A

Maxillary canines

184
Q

What teeth have more prominent distal root depression?

A

Mandibular canines

185
Q

How many pulp horns do canines have?

A

One pulp horn

186
Q

When do the maxillary first premolars erupt?

A

10-11 years

187
Q

When do the maxillary second premolars erupt?

A

10-12 years

188
Q

When do the mandibular first premolars erupt?

A

10-12 years

189
Q

When do the mandibular second premolars erupt?

A

11-12 years

190
Q

What are the functions of the premolars?

A
  • Masticate food
  • Maintain vertical dimension of the face
  • Assist canines in cutting food
  • Support corners of the mouth to keep from sagging
191
Q

What are the developmental lobes for canines?

A

3 facial lobes
1 lingual lobe

192
Q

What teeth often times form from two lingual lobes, resulting in two lingual cusps?

A

Mandibular second premolars

193
Q

What do the lingual cusps form from on anterior teeth?

A

Cingulum

194
Q

What is the facial height of contour for all premolars?

A

Cervical third

195
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour for all premolars?

A

Middle third

196
Q

Where are mesial contacts for all premolars located?

A

occlusal middle junction

197
Q

Where are the distal contacts of premolars located?
NOT mand. first premolars

A

Middle third

198
Q

Where are the distal contacts for the mandibular first premolars located?

A

Occlusal third

199
Q

Where are crowns wider at for premolars?

A

Faciolingually

200
Q

What cusp ridges do premolars have?

A

Mesial and distal cusp ridges

201
Q

What merge together to make the occlusal table for premolars?

A

Cusp ridges of the buccal and lingual cusps

202
Q

What form transverse ridges for premolars?

A

Two triangular ridges

203
Q

Central grooves run ______ across the occlusal surface EXCEPT mandibular 1st premolars.

A

Mesiodistally

204
Q

Fossas contain pits in the center making them suseptible to what?

A

Decay

205
Q

What teeth have longer mesial cusp ridges and more prominent buccal ridges?

A

Maxillary 1st premolars (#5 and #12)

206
Q

What teeth are most often extracted for orthodontic purposes?

A

Premolars

207
Q

Where does the central developmental groove run on premolars?

A

From mesial to distal pit

208
Q

What premolars are smaller?

A

Maxillary 2nd premolars
(#4 and #13)

209
Q

What premolars buccal cusp tip is more obtuse?
(120 degree angle)

A

Maxillary 2nd premolars

210
Q

What teeth have a more symmetrical occlusal outline?

A

Maxillary 2nd premolars

211
Q

What teeth do the crowns tilt lingually?

A

Mandibular premolars

212
Q

What teeth’s lingual cusp is relatively shorter than buccal?

A

Mandibular 1st premolars

213
Q

What teeth’s mesial marginal ridge is more horizontal?

A

Mandibular 2nd premolars

214
Q

What premolars have a bifurcated root?

A

Maxillary 1st premolars

215
Q

What teeth bend distally in the apical third?

A

Premolars

216
Q

What teeth have two canals even if it has a single root?

A

Maxillary 1st premolars

217
Q

How many pulp horns do premolars have?

A

Most have 2
Mand. 2nd may have 3

Tooth Morphology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions