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Origins > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two models that we use to examine the age of the earth/universe?

A

1) Creationists Model
2) Evolutionist Model

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2
Q

How do we use the creationists model to determine the age of the universe/earth?

A

By the genealogies in the Bible and Scriptural events

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3
Q

Who was the person who pushed the creationist model?

A

Archbishop James Ussher

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4
Q

What was the date of creation according to Archbishop James Ussher?

A

4004 BC

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5
Q

How do we use the evolutionist model to determine the age of the universe/earth?

A

The Big Bang

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6
Q

What long ago did the Big Bang take place according to the Evolutionist model?

A

13.8 billion years

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7
Q

How old is the earth/universe according to the evolutionist model?

A

4.56 billion years

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8
Q

Who were the 2 people that pushed evolution and the evolutionist model?

A

1) George Cuvier
2) Charles Lyell

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9
Q

Who believed in catastrophism and no supernatural?

A

George Cuvier

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10
Q

What 3 things did Charles Lyell believe in?

A

1) Principles of geology
2) Establishes uniformitarianism
3) Ages of earth reaches into the millions

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11
Q

What was Charles Lyell’s key phrase?

A

The present is the key to the past

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12
Q

When was the discovery of radioactive decay?

A

Early 1900s

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13
Q

When was radiometric dating developed?

A

Mid-1900s

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14
Q

T/F The age of the earth jumped to 4.56 million years once radiometric dating came around?

A

True

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15
Q

What are the 3 supposed evidences for the old age of the earth?

A

1) Uniformitarianism
2) Radiometric dating
3) Necessary

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16
Q

What are the 2 supposed evidences for the old age of the universe?

A

1) Distant starlight
2) Necessary

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17
Q

What passage refutes uniformitarianism?

A

2 Peter 3:3-4

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18
Q

What is the notion that high-magnitude events have played an important role in landscape evolution?

A

Neocatastrophism

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19
Q

What is the process of estimating the age of the rocks from the decay of their radioactive isotopes?

A

Radiometric dating

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20
Q

How do you measure a half-life?

A

By the time it takes for 1/2 of parent element to decay into daughter element

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21
Q

What does radiometric dating provide?

A

A natural clock

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of radiometric dating?

A

1) Hot rocks that cool
2) Fossils (organic material)

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23
Q

What are the two hot rocks that cool and can be radiometric dated?

A

1) Igneous rock
2) Metamorphic rock

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24
Q

What type of dating is used on fossils or organic material?

A

C-14 dating

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25
Q

T/F Measure daughter element (nitrogen-14) but compare C-14 to C-12?

A

False, do not measure

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26
Q

What is the age of a C-14 half-life?

A

5,730 years old

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27
Q

After death C-14 decays into N-14, what element remains stable throughout the process?

A

C-12

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28
Q

T/F Ratio of C-14 to C-12 is measurable and changes over time?

A

True

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29
Q

What kind of rock surrounds fossils?

A

Sedimentary

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30
Q

T/F Sedimentary rocks can be radiometrically dated?

A

False, they CANNOT be!!

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31
Q

What does everything under the evolutionist model require?

A

Time

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32
Q

What is a statement accepted as true as the basis for argument or inference?

A

Axiom

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33
Q

What is it called when we can see galaxies from Earth that are billions of light years away?

A

Distant starlight

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34
Q

What is a light year?

A

It is a measurement of distance; it is the distance light can travel in one year

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35
Q

C = ?

A

the speed of light

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36
Q

How fast can the speed of light (C) travel?

A

186,000 miles per second

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37
Q

How far can light travel in a year?

A

6,000,000,000,000 miles

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38
Q

What is the primary reference that proves God stretched the Heavens?

A

Isaiah 45:12

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39
Q

What is the speed of light may have been greater in the past?

A

Speed of light decay (CDK)

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40
Q

Who proposed the speed of light decay (CDK)?

A

Dr. Danny Faulkner

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41
Q

What is it called when time may have flowed(s) more slowly on the earth than anywhere else in the universe?

A

Gravitational time delusion (GTD)

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42
Q

Who proposed the Gravitational time delusion (GTD)?

A

Dr. Humphries

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43
Q

Who believed that the earth was in the center of the universe?

A

Dr. Humphries

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44
Q

Who believed that all gravity was around earth in what we call a gravitational well?

A

Dr. Humphries

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45
Q

T/F We can verify that we are in the center of the universe?

A

False, we cannot that is the problem with GTD explanation

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46
Q

What is the instantaneous one-way travel of light, but round-trip equals speed of light?

A

Anisotropic Synchrony Convention (ASC)

47
Q

Who proposed Anisotropic Synchrony Convention (ASC)?

A

Dr. Jason Lisle

48
Q

What are the 3 problems with the Big Bang?

A

1) Horizon problem
2) Missing monopoles
3) Missing hypothetical entities

49
Q

T/F Temperature of universe should be uneven?

A

False, temperature is uniform

50
Q

What is generally referred to as “exotic” non-baryonic matter that interacts only weakly with ordinary matter?

A

Dark Matter

51
Q

What was the date of the earth chosen on?

A

The Hubble Constant

52
Q

What is the Hubble Constant?

A

The value is based on the red shift observed in light from gases in galaxies

53
Q

T/F The Hubble Constant keeps changing?

A

True

54
Q

T/F Radiometric dating is the only method of finding age?

A

False, it is one of many

55
Q

What are the 7 measurement clocks we use to measure age?

A

1) Existence of spiral galaxies
2) Existence of blue stars
3) Our young solar system
4) Helium
5) Not enough mud on the sea floor
6) Lack of salt in the Ocean
7) Earth magnetic field is decaying too fast

56
Q

What is the rescuing device for the existence of spiral galaxies?

A

Pressure waves

57
Q

What is the rescuing device for the existence of blue stars?

A

Star birthing areas

58
Q

What is the rescuing devices for comets in our young solar system?

A

1) Oort cloud (never seen)
2) Kuiper Belt (not enough nuclei)

59
Q

T/F Empirical science shows support for an old universe/earth?

A

False, it shows its problems and supports a young earth/universe

60
Q

What is the half-life of earth’s magnetic field?

A

1,465 years

61
Q

How long would it take for all the salt to accumulate on the ocean floor?

A

62 million years

62
Q

How long do evolutionists require for all the salt to accumulate on the ocean floor?

A

3 billion years

63
Q

What rock is helium still found in?

A

Zircon

64
Q

T/F There is not enough helium in the atmosphere?

A

True

65
Q

What is the definition of the creation model for how life began?

A

Life created by God (Intelligent source)

66
Q

What is the definition of the evolution model for how life began?

A

Began by natural processes

67
Q

The Creation model says what?

A

Life comes from life

68
Q

The Evolution model says what?

A

Life comes from non-life

69
Q

What is it when plants, animals, and microorganisms arose suddenly from non-living materials under certain environmental conditions?

A

Spontaneous generation

70
Q

Who did the meat and maggots experiment?

A

Francesco Redi

71
Q

Who did the broth and bacteria experiment?

A

Louis Pasteur

72
Q

What is the law of Biogenesis?

A

Life originates only from preexisting life

73
Q

Evolution’s explanation for present day earth?

A

Biogenesis is the only explanation for first life

74
Q

Evolution’s explanation for primordial earth?

A

Conditions allowed for life from non-life

75
Q

What is it called when chemicals are involved in order to create life?

A

Chemical evolution (abiogenesis)

76
Q

T/F In order for evolution to be true - life must have come from non-life?

A

True

77
Q

What experiment showed “proof” of chemical evolution/abiogenesis?

A

Miller-Urey experiment

78
Q

What 4 elements did the Miller-Urey experiment use?

A

1) Methane
2) Hydrogen gas
3) Ammonia
4) Water

79
Q

Why did the Miller-Urey experiment use methane, Hydrogen gas, Ammonia, and Water?

A

Because they assumed they were in earth’s first atmosphere

80
Q

T/F Amino acids are not fundamental to the formation and working of a cell?

A

False, they are

81
Q

T/F If you can make amino acids you can make life?

A

False, you have to have the right kind of amino acids

82
Q

T/F The Miller-Urey used the wrong kind of amino acids?

A

True

83
Q

Amino acids are what?

A

Left and right handed

84
Q

What amino acids are required for life?

A

Left handed

85
Q

T/F The Miller-Urey experiment produced both kinds of amino acids?

A

True

86
Q

Right-handed amino acids are what to life?

A

Lethal

87
Q

What is a membrane-enclosed collection of molecules that takes up material and replicates life?

A

Protocell

88
Q

What is the idea that all of life has come from a common ancestor through a process of modification?

A

Biological evolution

89
Q

Who made biological evolution famous?

A

Charles Darwin

90
Q

When did Darwin publish origin of Species?

A

1859

91
Q

When did Darwin publish The Descent of Man?

A

1871

92
Q

What ship did Darwin sale on?

A

HMS Beagle

93
Q

What 5 things influenced Charles Darwin?

A

1) Grandfather Erasmus Darwin
2) Charles Lyell
3) Domestication of animals (variation)
4) Theologians
5) Death of Daughter

94
Q

What did many theologians during Darwin’s time believe?

A

Nature trumps Scripture

95
Q

What is the full title of Darwin’s first book?

A

On the origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life

96
Q

Origins of Species set the foundation for what?

A

Racism

97
Q

Darwin believed in what?

A

No limits to change/variations

98
Q

What is the preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations?

A

Natural selection

99
Q

What 5 things did Darwin say when natural selection occurs?

A

1) Individuals within species are variable
2) Some of these variations are passed on to offspring
3) In every generation, more offspring are produced than can survive
4) The survival and reproduction of individuals are not random
5) Summarized as survival of the fittest

100
Q

Who first proposed natural selection?

A

Edward Blyth

101
Q

Natural selection allows for what?

A

Survival in a fallen world

102
Q

T/F Natural selection can only “select” for (or against) something that already exists?

A

True

103
Q

Fill in blank: Natural selection can only _______; it ________ creates?

A

1) Conserve
2) Never

104
Q

What were the dates that Edward Blyth published Magazine of Natural History?

A

1835 and 1837

105
Q

What is an inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

Lamarckism

106
Q

What is a human classification term?

A

Species

107
Q

What is a group of similar organisms which interbreed freely in nature?

A

Species

108
Q

What is a Genesis classification term?

A

Kind (min)

109
Q

What is a biological capability of producing offspring, and may involve reproduction between two different species?

A

Kind

110
Q

What does Bara mean?

A

created

111
Q

What does min mean?

A

kind

112
Q

What does -ology mean?

A

study of

113
Q

What does Baraminology mean?

A

Study of created kinds

114
Q

Who proposed that the scablands formed rapidly?

A

J. Harlen Bretz

Origins (3 decks)

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