Midterm Exam Flashcards
A planned course of action revolving on teaching and learning that is systematic, sequential, and scientific based.
Education process
APIE includes?
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
ADPIE indicates?
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation
A critical thinking process that nurses use to apply the best available evidence to caregiving and promoting human functions.
Nursing process
An intentional act of communicating in response to the identified learning needs with the purpose of achieving behavioral outcomes.
Teaching
A change in behavior that can be observed as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli
Learning
A process of assisting people that influence their behavior and produce change in knowledge, skill, and attitudes necessary to maintain or improve health.
Patient education
A process of influencing people by producing changes in their knowledge, and skills to help them maintain and improve their competencies
Staff education
Considered as the overall blueprint that includes the behavioral objectives, instructional content, teaching methods, time frame, and methods of evaluation that is logical in order to achieve a predetermined goal.
Teaching Plan
Identify which category it does the situation belong.
A teacher with a Masters Degree in Nursing and has a 5 year clinical experience before entering education.
Professional Competence
Identify which category does the situation belong.
The instructor tole the students what they performed wrong during the return demonstration but also indicated the appropriate actions made by that student.
Evaluation practices
Identify which category it does the situation belong.
The instructor made sure that they supervise their students enough during the physical application.
Availability to students
Identify which category it does the situation belong.
The instructor provided videos during the discussion that showcases proper implementation of nursing care.
Teaching practices
Identify which category it does the situation belong.
The instructor showed her self-control, patience, flexibility, and sense of humor during the discussion.
Personal characteristics
Identify which category does the situation belong.
The instructor was open to hear the comments of the students during the discussion.
Interpersonal relationships with students
TRUE OR FALSE
Under the teaching process in the effective teaching in nursing, a teacher should have a good speaking voice, self-confidence, and caring attitude.
False (Personal characteristics)
A teacher who logically organizes instruction, uses examples whenever possible, and explains what is being learned indicates?
Clarity
A coherent framework of integrated constructs that describe, explain, and/or predict how people learn and what motivates them to learn and change.
Learning theory
An unconscious psychological operations that functions to protect self when an individual’s ego is threatened.
Defense mechanisms
TRUE OR FALSE
A short-term defense mechanism allows individuals to avoid reality and may act as a barrier to learning and transfer.
FALSE (It is long-term. A short-term is a way of coming to grips with reality.)
A humanistic motivation focused on an individual as an integrated whole that has a distinct level of satisfaction that is organized by potency.
Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)
Other term for respondent conditioning
Classsical/Pavlovian conditioning
It emphasizes the importance of stimulus condition in the learning process, whereby, without thought or awareness, learning takes place when a newly conditioned stimulus becomes associated with a conditioned response.
Respondent conditioning
Learning is a permanent change in behavior
Behavioral
A theory that indicates that rewards or punishment play no significant role in learning since they come after the association in response an stimulus has been made.
Contiguity Theory (Pavlov/Guthrie & Watson)
A theory that tackles the process of shaping behavior by controlling its consequences.
Reinforcement Theory (B.F Skinner & Thorndike)
A relaxation technique to reduce fear and anxiety by gradually exposing an individual to their own phobia in order to slowly overcome it.
Systematic desensitization
The ability of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar to those elicited by another stimulus
Stimulus generalization
A conditioning or learning experience in which an individual must learn to make choices between alternative stimuli
Discrimination learning
The reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response
Spontaneous recovery
A process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to obtain rewards and avoid punishments
Operant conditioning
The stages of information processing model includes: (Indicate the number)
- evaluation
- processing
- attention
- memory stage
- stimulus
- action
2,3,4,6
A theory that focuses on role modelling, which indicates that behavior is learned through observation and influence from others.
Social Learning theory (Albert Bandura)
Which phase of the social learning theory indicates the processing and representation in memory?
retention phase
A phase that includes observation of the model
Attentional phase
A social learning phase where the individual takes action of the behavior by the guidance of memory.
Reproduction phase
A social learning phase where the individual is motivated to repeat behavior based on the social responses and consequences they receive.
Motivational phase
A theory indicating that both our unconscious and conscious forces, childhood experiences influence our lives and shapes our personality
Psychodynamic learning theory (Freud)
A theory that focuses strongly on teaching the “whole” individual. Its approach includes social skills, feelings, artistic skills, and such as part of education.
Humanistic learning Theory
The first nurse educator
Florence Nightingale
Nightingale emphasizes that importance of?
Nutrition, exercise, fresh air, and personal hygiene to patients
The NLNE means?
National League of Nursing Education
The NLNE observs the importance of health teaching as a function within the scope of nursing practice.
1918
This was when nursing was first recognized as a unique discipline and teaching has been recognized as an important role of caregivers
Mid 1800
Role of the nurse as a teacher in disease prevention was clearly understood
Early 1900
TRUE OR FALSE
2016 was the time where the first certified nursing educator exam was developed.
FALSE (2006)
NLNE identifies course content in school curricula to prepare nurses in their roles as teachers.
1950
JCAHO means?
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization
This is when JCAHO established nursing standards for students
1993
The single most important person in education process
Learner
They enhance learning by facilitating education to occur.
Educator
TRUE OR FALSE
Learning is mainly dependent and will not occur without an educator.
False
During the assessment of the learner, which of the following characteristics should be known?
1 -Culture 2- Preference 3- Educational level 4- Age 5- Style
1,3,4
The determinants of learning
Learning needs, readiness to learn, learning style
This will determine the design of instructional plan that will address the cognitive, affective, or psychomotor development of the learner
Learning Needs
Four step of appraisal of needs
- Define target population
- Analyze learner and organizational needs
- Analyze the perceived needs of the learner and compare from actual needs
- Use data to prioritize learning need identified
The time when the learner demonstrates an interest in learning
Readiness to learn
The point at which teaching must take place.
Timing
Four types of Readiness to Learn
Physical Readiness, Experiential Readiness, Emotional Readiness, Knowledge Readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes cultural background?
Experiential Readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes risk taking behavior?
Emotional readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes complexity of task?
Physical readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes level of aspiration?
Experiential readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes learning disabilities?
Knowledge readiness
Which type of readiness to learn includes support system?
Emotional readiness
The simplest form of learning which consists of the classical conditional of the learner.
Signal learning
The acquisition of a series of related conditioned responses or stimulus response connections.
Chaining/ Chain learning
A chain of concepts or a relationship of concepts
Rule learning
Learning how to classify stimuli into groups represented by a common concept.
Concept learning
The process of learning terminologies
Verbal association
Must be able to recall and apply previously learned rules that relate to the situation.
Problem solving
It refers to the ways individual process information
Learning style
These are based from characteristics that are biological in origin and is sociologically developed as result of environment differences.
Learning style models
TRUE OR FALSE
In the learning style principles, teacher should focus their own teaching style to their students
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
In the learning style principles, students should be encouraged to diversify their style preferences
TRUE
These learners find restructuring new information difficult, and struggle with individual elements.
Field dependent learners
They are able to reorganize information and experience surroundings analytically
Field independent learners
TRUE OR FALSE
Field independent learners are externally directed.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
A field dependent learners prefer working in groups and shows a greater social orientation.
TRUE
The five elements in Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Model
Environmental, Sociological , Psychological, Physiological, Emotional
An introspective self-report questionnaire indicating different psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
A learning style used to help people identify the way they learn from experince.
Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory
The four stages in Kolb’s learning Style Inventory
Concrete experience, Reflective observation. Abstract conceptualization, Active experimentation
He identified learning styles using four dualities.
Anthony Gregorc
An instrument designed to assess person’s learning style by using set of words that are ranked with the use of scores derived from each of the four patterns.
Gregorc Style Delineator
Four dualities in Gregorc style delineator
Perception, Ordering, Processing, and Relating
They operate in a highly structure, conservative manner in which specific details and time schedules are critical.
Concrete Sequential
They are global thinkers and surround themselves with language and other symbol of knowledge.
Abstract Sequential
They value relationships over time-bound structures. They mostly direct their attention to information that has personal meaning to them.
Abstract random
They tend to seek alternatives and create choices where non existed before.
Concrete random
Developed a model that is a combination of Kolb’s model and right/left brain functioning.
McCarthy
It can address all four types of learning styles by teaching sequentially
learning process
Engage in the right brain by sensing and feeling their way through an experience and move on the left brain to analyze what they have experienced.
Type 1 4MAT System
Begins with right brain to make observations and integrate data and engage to left brain to think new theories and concepts relative to observations.
Type 2 4MAT System
Begin with left brain by working with defined concepts then right brain to experiment with what has to be learned.
Type 3 4MAT System
Begins with left brain by analyzing the practicality of what as been learned and the right brain to show mastery through application and sharing of finding with others.
Type 4 4MAT system
A theory developed by ___ focused on the seven types of intelligence which is useful in looking at learning styles among children.`
Howard Gardner
VARK Learning style includes..
Visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic
TRUE OR FALSE
Educational objective is different from learning objectives
FALSE
Used to identify the intended outcomes of education process that guide the design of the curriculum
Educational objectives
TRUE OR FALSE
Educational objectives is different from learning objectives
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
Educational obje
Describe the teaching activities and resources used to facilitate effective learning
Instructional objectives
Are action oriented, learner centered, and outcome focused
Behavioral Objectives
These are broad, lofty ideas that are abstract and may not be measurable.
Goal
TRUE OR FALSE
Objectives should be short-term and SMART
TRUE
The four parts of objectives
Audience, performance, condition, criterion
TRUE OR FALSE
In creating an objective it is better include more than one expected behavior in a single one.
FALSE
The factors in selecting contents
Time, Background of students, textbooks
Factors affecting the choice of method
Abilities and interests of the teacher
Compatibility between learners and teaching methods
Number of students
Factors affecting the choice of method
Abilities and interests of the teacher
Compatibility between learners and teaching methods
Number of people in class
Information presented in a list or presented as though there is a problem followed by a solution
Sequential
It can be a natural way to learn and being able to skip parts of the process that don’t necessarily pertain to them
Non-sequential
To describe something by enumerating its features, characteristics, or examples.
Description/List
It presents why there is a conflict, then introduce one or more possible solutions to fix it.
Problem/Solution
Providing students with simple information before providing them with complex information.
Simple to complex
Starts with what the students know then moves on to teach new information
Familiar to unfamiliar
Learners have to get meaning out of the information presented to them.
Non-sequential Learning structures
Non-sequential Learning structures are often presented through?
case studies and scenarios
Learner’s ability to process information in a meaningful way
Cognitive
Learner’s attitudes and feelings that are a result of the learning process
Affective
Learner’s ability to use motor skills to learn
Psychomotor
The cognitive domain includes?
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation
In which domain is adaptation included?
Psychomotor
Affective domain includes?
Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organization, Internalizing
Psychomotor includes:
Perception, Set, Guided response, Mechanism, Complex overt response, Adaptation, origination
The blueprint for action toachieve the goald and the objectives that have been agreed upon.
Teaching plan
At what stage of information processing model does
