Midterm Exam Flashcards by PAGUIO ELLIXANDRA NAOMI

A planned course of action revolving on teaching and learning that is systematic, sequential, and scientific based.

Education process

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APIE includes?

Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

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ADPIE indicates?

Assessment
Diagnosis 
Planning 
Implementation 
Evaluation

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A critical thinking process that nurses use to apply the best available evidence to caregiving and promoting human functions.

Nursing process

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An intentional act of communicating in response to the identified learning needs with the purpose of achieving behavioral outcomes.

Teaching

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A change in behavior that can be observed as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli

Learning

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A process of assisting people that influence their behavior and produce change in knowledge, skill, and attitudes necessary to maintain or improve health.

Patient education

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A process of influencing people by producing changes in their knowledge, and skills to help them maintain and improve their competencies

Staff education

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Considered as the overall blueprint that includes the behavioral objectives, instructional content, teaching methods, time frame, and methods of evaluation that is logical in order to achieve a predetermined goal.

Teaching Plan

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Identify which category it does the situation belong.

A teacher with a Masters Degree in Nursing and has a 5 year clinical experience before entering education.

Professional Competence

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Identify which category does the situation belong.

The instructor tole the students what they performed wrong during the return demonstration but also indicated the appropriate actions made by that student.

Evaluation practices

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Identify which category it does the situation belong.

The instructor made sure that they supervise their students enough during the physical application.

Availability to students

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Identify which category it does the situation belong.

The instructor provided videos during the discussion that showcases proper implementation of nursing care.

Teaching practices

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Identify which category it does the situation belong.

The instructor showed her self-control, patience, flexibility, and sense of humor during the discussion.

Personal characteristics

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Identify which category does the situation belong.

The instructor was open to hear the comments of the students during the discussion.

Interpersonal relationships with students

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TRUE OR FALSE

Under the teaching process in the effective teaching in nursing, a teacher should have a good speaking voice, self-confidence, and caring attitude.

False (Personal characteristics)

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A teacher who logically organizes instruction, uses examples whenever possible, and explains what is being learned indicates?

Clarity

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A coherent framework of integrated constructs that describe, explain, and/or predict how people learn and what motivates them to learn and change.

Learning theory

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An unconscious psychological operations that functions to protect self when an individual’s ego is threatened.

Defense mechanisms

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TRUE OR FALSE

A short-term defense mechanism allows individuals to avoid reality and may act as a barrier to learning and transfer.

FALSE (It is long-term. A short-term is a way of coming to grips with reality.)

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A humanistic motivation focused on an individual as an integrated whole that has a distinct level of satisfaction that is organized by potency.

Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)

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Other term for respondent conditioning

Classsical/Pavlovian conditioning

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It emphasizes the importance of stimulus condition in the learning process, whereby, without thought or awareness, learning takes place when a newly conditioned stimulus becomes associated with a conditioned response.

Respondent conditioning

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Learning is a permanent change in behavior

Behavioral

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A theory that indicates that rewards or punishment play no significant role in learning since they come after the association in response an stimulus has been made.

Contiguity Theory (Pavlov/Guthrie & Watson)

A theory that tackles the process of shaping behavior by controlling its consequences.

Reinforcement Theory (B.F Skinner & Thorndike)

A relaxation technique to reduce fear and anxiety by gradually exposing an individual to their own phobia in order to slowly overcome it.

Systematic desensitization

The ability of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar to those elicited by another stimulus

Stimulus generalization

A conditioning or learning experience in which an individual must learn to make choices between alternative stimuli

Discrimination learning

The reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response

Spontaneous recovery

A process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to obtain rewards and avoid punishments

Operant conditioning

The stages of information processing model includes: (Indicate the number) 1. evaluation 2. processing 3. attention 4. memory stage 5. stimulus 6. action

2,3,4,6

A theory that focuses on role modelling, which indicates that behavior is learned through observation and influence from others.

Social Learning theory (Albert Bandura)

Which phase of the social learning theory indicates the processing and representation in memory?

retention phase

A phase that includes observation of the model

Attentional phase

A social learning phase where the individual takes action of the behavior by the guidance of memory.

Reproduction phase

A social learning phase where the individual is motivated to repeat behavior based on the social responses and consequences they receive.

Motivational phase

A theory indicating that both our unconscious and conscious forces, childhood experiences influence our lives and shapes our personality

Psychodynamic learning theory (Freud)

A theory that focuses strongly on teaching the “whole” individual. Its approach includes social skills, feelings, artistic skills, and such as part of education.

Humanistic learning Theory

The first nurse educator

Florence Nightingale

Nightingale emphasizes that importance of?

Nutrition, exercise, fresh air, and personal hygiene to patients

The NLNE means?

National League of Nursing Education

The NLNE observs the importance of health teaching as a function within the scope of nursing practice.

1918

This was when nursing was first recognized as a unique discipline and teaching has been recognized as an important role of caregivers

Mid 1800

Role of the nurse as a teacher in disease prevention was clearly understood

Early 1900

TRUE OR FALSE 2016 was the time where the first certified nursing educator exam was developed.

FALSE (2006)

NLNE identifies course content in school curricula to prepare nurses in their roles as teachers.

1950

JCAHO means?

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization

This is when JCAHO established nursing standards for students

1993

The single most important person in education process

Learner

They enhance learning by facilitating education to occur.

Educator

TRUE OR FALSE Learning is mainly dependent and will not occur without an educator.

False

During the assessment of the learner, which of the following characteristics should be known? ``` 1 -Culture 2- Preference 3- Educational level 4- Age 5- Style ```

1,3,4

The determinants of learning

Learning needs, readiness to learn, learning style

This will determine the design of instructional plan that will address the cognitive, affective, or psychomotor development of the learner

Learning Needs

Four step of appraisal of needs

1. Define target population 2. Analyze learner and organizational needs 3. Analyze the perceived needs of the learner and compare from actual needs 4. Use data to prioritize learning need identified

The time when the learner demonstrates an interest in learning

Readiness to learn

The point at which teaching must take place.

Timing

Four types of Readiness to Learn

Physical Readiness, Experiential Readiness, Emotional Readiness, Knowledge Readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes cultural background?

Experiential Readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes risk taking behavior?

Emotional readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes complexity of task?

Physical readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes level of aspiration?

Experiential readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes learning disabilities?

Knowledge readiness

Which type of readiness to learn includes support system?

Emotional readiness

The simplest form of learning which consists of the classical conditional of the learner.

Signal learning

The acquisition of a series of related conditioned responses or stimulus response connections.

Chaining/ Chain learning

A chain of concepts or a relationship of concepts

Rule learning

Learning how to classify stimuli into groups represented by a common concept.

Concept learning

The process of learning terminologies

Verbal association

Must be able to recall and apply previously learned rules that relate to the situation.

Problem solving

It refers to the ways individual process information

Learning style

These are based from characteristics that are biological in origin and is sociologically developed as result of environment differences.

Learning style models

TRUE OR FALSE In the learning style principles, teacher should focus their own teaching style to their students

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE In the learning style principles, students should be encouraged to diversify their style preferences

TRUE

These learners find restructuring new information difficult, and struggle with individual elements.

Field dependent learners

They are able to reorganize information and experience surroundings analytically

Field independent learners

TRUE OR FALSE Field independent learners are externally directed.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE A field dependent learners prefer working in groups and shows a greater social orientation.

TRUE

The five elements in Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Model

Environmental, Sociological , Psychological, Physiological, Emotional

An introspective self-report questionnaire indicating different psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A learning style used to help people identify the way they learn from experince.

Kolb's Learning Style Inventory

The four stages in Kolb's learning Style Inventory

Concrete experience, Reflective observation. Abstract conceptualization, Active experimentation

He identified learning styles using four dualities.

Anthony Gregorc

An instrument designed to assess person's learning style by using set of words that are ranked with the use of scores derived from each of the four patterns.

Gregorc Style Delineator

Four dualities in Gregorc style delineator

Perception, Ordering, Processing, and Relating

They operate in a highly structure, conservative manner in which specific details and time schedules are critical.

Concrete Sequential

They are global thinkers and surround themselves with language and other symbol of knowledge.

Abstract Sequential

They value relationships over time-bound structures. They mostly direct their attention to information that has personal meaning to them.

Abstract random

They tend to seek alternatives and create choices where non existed before.

Concrete random

Developed a model that is a combination of Kolb's model and right/left brain functioning.

McCarthy

It can address all four types of learning styles by teaching sequentially

learning process

Engage in the right brain by sensing and feeling their way through an experience and move on the left brain to analyze what they have experienced.

Type 1 4MAT System

Begins with right brain to make observations and integrate data and engage to left brain to think new theories and concepts relative to observations.

Type 2 4MAT System

Begin with left brain by working with defined concepts then right brain to experiment with what has to be learned.

Type 3 4MAT System

Begins with left brain by analyzing the practicality of what as been learned and the right brain to show mastery through application and sharing of finding with others.

Type 4 4MAT system

A theory developed by ___ focused on the seven types of intelligence which is useful in looking at learning styles among children.`

Howard Gardner

VARK Learning style includes..

Visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic

TRUE OR FALSE Educational objective is different from learning objectives

FALSE

Used to identify the intended outcomes of education process that guide the design of the curriculum

Educational objectives

TRUE OR FALSE Educational objectives is different from learning objectives

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Educational obje

Describe the teaching activities and resources used to facilitate effective learning

Instructional objectives

Are action oriented, learner centered, and outcome focused

Behavioral Objectives

These are broad, lofty ideas that are abstract and may not be measurable.

Goal

TRUE OR FALSE Objectives should be short-term and SMART

TRUE

The four parts of objectives

Audience, performance, condition, criterion

TRUE OR FALSE In creating an objective it is better include more than one expected behavior in a single one.

FALSE

The factors in selecting contents

Time, Background of students, textbooks

Factors affecting the choice of method

Abilities and interests of the teacher Compatibility between learners and teaching methods Number of students

Factors affecting the choice of method

Abilities and interests of the teacher Compatibility between learners and teaching methods Number of people in class

Information presented in a list or presented as though there is a problem followed by a solution

Sequential

It can be a natural way to learn and being able to skip parts of the process that don't necessarily pertain to them

Non-sequential

To describe something by enumerating its features, characteristics, or examples.

Description/List

It presents why there is a conflict, then introduce one or more possible solutions to fix it.

Problem/Solution

Providing students with simple information before providing them with complex information.

Simple to complex

Starts with what the students know then moves on to teach new information

Familiar to unfamiliar

Learners have to get meaning out of the information presented to them.

Non-sequential Learning structures

Non-sequential Learning structures are often presented through?

case studies and scenarios

Learner's ability to process information in a meaningful way

Cognitive

Learner's attitudes and feelings that are a result of the learning process

Affective

Learner's ability to use motor skills to learn

Psychomotor

The cognitive domain includes?

Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation

In which domain is adaptation included?

Psychomotor

Affective domain includes?

Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organization, Internalizing

Psychomotor includes:

Perception, Set, Guided response, Mechanism, Complex overt response, Adaptation, origination

The blueprint for action toachieve the goald and the objectives that have been agreed upon.

Teaching plan

At what stage of information processing model does