Midterm Exam: 1-24 +32. 22-24

Question 1

Where is the abdomen and where is it located?

Answer 1

abdomen contains many organs, from several different body systems. can cuase confusion when determining the cause of abdominal emergencies, thorough patient assessment key, specific diagnosis may not be necessary but an overall one.
area below diaphragm and above pelvis containing a variety of organs that perform digestive, reproductive, endocrine, and regulatory functions

Question 2

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 2

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (the parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (visceral peritoneum) with fluid in between the layers. organs include stomach, liver, spleen, appendix, small and large colon and in women uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

Question 3

What is the liver?

Answer 3

unctions in regulating levels of carbohydrate and other substance in the blood in bile secretion and detox of blood

Question 4

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 4

stores biles

Question 5

What is the spleen?

Answer 5

organ removes abnormal blood cells and is involved in immune response

Question 6

What is the retroperitoneal space?

Answer 6

the area posterior to the peritoneum, between the peritoneum and the back found in the extraperitoneal space: include kidney, pancreas and aorta

Question 7

What is visceral pain?

Answer 7

variety of things. originates from organs within abdomen directly from organ. fewer nerve endings allow for only diffuse sensations of pain. “dull” or “achy” not a lot of nerve endings venerated on visceral layer so not easy to pinpoint and have regional coulicy(comes and goes resulting from distention and/contraction of hollow organs) type pain that is not constant. persistent in solid. dull, achy, or intermittent and may be diffuse or difficult to locate. intermittent, crampy or colicky comes from hollow organs of the abdomen and pain that is dull and persistent is from solid organs

Question 8

What is parietal pain?

Answer 8

pinpoint pain.a localized, intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. from local irritation of the peritoneum caused by internal bleeding or infection/inflammation can be sharp or constant and localized to one area ask if it worsens as they move or gets better when lying still with knees drawn up

Question 9

What is tearing pain/

Answer 9

sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart from aorta and stomach. expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm inner layer of aorta damaged and blood leaks to vessels outer layers in retroperitoneal space felt in the back. ulcers in stomach can cause tears pain as tear open or perforate brunig or tears frequently bleeding. aortic aneurysm can be felt in gut from shoulderblades down unresponsive within 15 minutes little movement as possible position of comfort calm as possible

Question 10

What is referred pain?

Answer 10

pain that is felt in location other than where the pain originates. gallbladder felt in area of right shoulder blade because return to spinal cord by shared pathway as it is with ectopic pregnancies.

Question 11

What is appendicitis?

Answer 11

infection of the appendix, 1/15 people need surgery to fix. nausea, vomiting, pain in area of umbilicus follow by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant if it reptures sudden severe increase in pain with bowel let loose into peritoneal cavity leading to peritonitis

Question 12

What is peritonitis?

Answer 12

inflammation of the abdominal cavity point tenderness rigidity

life-threatening with gastric juices, bowel contents and blood make it sensitive. from appendicitis, or trauma (bleeding from ruptured spleen), abdomen becoming painful and rigid involuntarily of muscles. fever and signs of infection.

Question 13

What is cholecystitis/gallstones?

Answer 13

inflammation of the gallbladder, caused by gallstones. experiencing severe and sometimes duden right upper quadrant and/or epigastric pain (upper central abdomen below xiphoid process) may radiate to shoulder confused with chest pain. may be caused or worsened by ingestion of foods high in fat abruptly end as stone frees itself
female, fat, over forty, and finished menstruating higher risk. did they eat late fatty food, gallstones history of gird. women that have it have it 7 days after birth

Question 14

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 14

serious with signs of shock and is the inflammation of the pancreas, common in patients with alcohol problems with pain found in epigastric area. retroperitoneal location of pancreas, behind stomach, may radiate to back and/or shoulder

Question 15

What is gastrointestinal bleeding?

Answer 15

bleeding anywhere in GI system depending on size and source of blood vessel may be gradual or sudden and massive passing out through rectum and/or mouth dark black or maroon in color and tarry in appearance or just pass blood. if upper GI source- vomiting of blood or coffee grounds- breakdown of blood by digestive. without pain and painful is with ulcers. can be slow- chronic gastric bleed days to week eventually developing shock. if large bleeding fast symptoms of shock blood coming out rectum or vomiting. esophagus from alcohol or hypertension in liver can rupture and threaten airway. hemorrhage within lumen upper or lower GI post-trauma, surgical, ulcers, with blood eventually exits red vomiting- beginning part of stomach or esophageal or upper GI lower intestines brown, or thick tarry stool large intestines if at end is bright red frank blood (mouth or rectum). painless or severe (if ulcer). ALS, treat for shock, determine amount of blood and history most comfortable positon

Question 16

What are ulcers?

Answer 16

lesions from acidic gastric juices wearing a hole in the upper gastrointestinal system and erosion can go into blood vessel and can leak to peritoneum.

Question 17

What is AAA?

Answer 17

abdominal aortic aneurysm. rupturing high rate of death. ballooning or weakening in wall of aorta passing through abdomen results in tearing allowing blood to escape growing and rupturing. slow leaking with gradual abdominal pain sharp pain or tearing pain radiating to back. back pain in elderly high priority with excruciating abdominal and back pain may be inequality between femoral or pedal pulses may feel mass. bluge pulsating dont push can live up to a three cm before surgery if rupture will lose pulse rate in peripheral or a differenc ein plse rate from one side to another

Question 18

What is hernia?

Answer 18

hole in muscle layer of abdominal wall allowing tissue intestine to protrude against skin aggravated by heavy lifting or straining causing intestine to push through weakened area in abdominal wall. with massive onset of pain after lifting palpated as a mass or lump on abdominal wall or in creases of groin very painful but only life-threatening if there is a twisting of intestines. tear in internal wall and organs protrude out common in guys who lift weights in groin areas

Question 19

What is the renal colic?

Answer 19

kidneys form small, hard stones descending down ureter on way to bladder causing severe flank pain radiating anteriorly to groin area severe pain with nausea and vomiting writhing trying to move to a comfortable posiiton

Question 20

What is cardiac involvement?

Answer 20

pain from a heart attack can be felt in abdomen indigestion felt in epigastric area (below xiphoid).

Question 21

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about onset?

Answer 21

pain/discomfort, pressure, bloating, cramping, or another sensation patients about onset: when did pain begin? at rest or activity? how? steady and severe or gradually?

Question 22

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about provocation?

Answer 22

makes it better or worse? does any position make it beter or worse? does movement affect pain?

Question 23

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about quality?

Answer 23

describe sensation in abdomen

Question 24

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about region/radiation?

Answer 24

show me. pain anywhere else? radiate or shoot to other parts of abdomen, back or body?

Question 25

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about severity?

Answer 25

how severe 1-2 scale ten being worst pain ever for children giving face

Question 26

What are some questions to ask abdominal pain patients about time?

Answer 26

how long been in pain or discomfort? changed over time? better or worse?

Question 27

What do you do with females who have abdominal pain?

Answer 27

ectopic pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, and menstrual irregulatiries can also cause significant pain. where are you in mesntrual cycle? is period late? do you have bleeding that is not menstrual? if menstruating, is flow normal? have you had pain before? when did it happen and what was it like? is it possible you are pregnant or are you sexually active. if answer yes to any suspect ectopic pregnancy

Question 28

What are some allergies that can affect abdominal pain?

Answer 28

allergic reactions can cause systemic inflammation and abdominal discomofrt and diarrhea.

Question 29

What are some medications that can affect abdominal pain?

Answer 29

aspirin can cuase sotmach leeding, illegal substances can cause abdominal distress in use and withdrawl. diabetics for blood sugar abnormalities

Question 30

What are some pertinent past history that can affect abdominal pain?

Answer 30

history of abdominal problems ask what conditons are, pain resembles past experiences with ocndition and what happened last time serios? shock? surgery? kidney stones, cholecystis, and hepatitis or epigastric pain with cardiac history can be recurrent.

Question 31

What are some last oral intake that can affect abdominal pain?

Answer 31

liquids, meals, snacks, intake normal? cholecystitis- high fat food. pancreatitis- alcohol

Question 32

What are some events that can affect abdominal pain?

Answer 32

progression of signs and symptoms about activity over past few days with vomiting nausea, diarrhea, and/or constipation if dark red, bright, bright red, or coffee grouns-like substances noted in vomit or feces, indicating internal blledding. recent bowel and urinary with kidney stones painful or didifuclt urination. abomdinal pain cause by difificulty moving bowels or obstruction.

Question 33

What do you do when examining the abdomen?

Answer 33

inspect abdomin, look for distention, bloating, discoloration abnormal protrusion or other signs appearing abnormal or unusual. palpating each quadrant doing place of discomfort last as it can mask other areas. feel for rigidity or hardnening asking for pain if gentle doesnt cause pain go deeper if found pain dont palpate further.

Question 34

What are guarding?

Answer 34

patient drawing arm down across abdomen or tensing muscles before touching abdomen

Question 35

What do you do when you are caring for a patient with abdominal pain?

Answer 35

caring for patient with abdominal pain: check every 5 minutes. will have increased pulse from situation and increased respirations posisbly causing more porblems so place in posiiton of comfort and give oxygen.

Question 36

What is behavior?

Answer 36

the manner in which a person acts and the way we act is heavily influenced by the challenges we face and our capability to respond to environmental stimuli or stress. it involves any or all activities of a person, including physical and mental activity differing from person to person and from situation to situation.

Question 37

What is normal behavior?

Answer 37

appropriateness of response in any given setting defined by those around us and based on way we usually act.

Question 38

What is a behavioral emergency?

Answer 38

when a patient’s behavior is not typical for the situation; when the patient’s behavior is unacceptable or intolerable to the patient, his family or the community; or when the patient may harm himself or other. ¼ people have mental conditions

Question 39

What is the kind of altered mental status resulting from behavioral emergency?

Answer 39

with low blood sugar causing hostile behavior (alcohol intoxication behavior), lack of oxygen restlessness and confusion, stroke or inadequate blood to brain causing confusion or dizziness impaired speech and loss of function, head trauma personality changes form irritability to irrational behavior amnesia or perfusion, mind-altering substances, or cold temperatures (staggering walking with increase losing consciousness. dont assume psychiatric behavior

Question 40

What is situational stress reactions?

Answer 40

unexpected stress emotions such as fear, grief, and anger with typical stress reactions at an accident scene and common reactions to serious illness and death making sure to treat patient as individual. calmly and quietly assess the patient so they can calm down listening to them and if don’t calm down by then perhaps psychiatric problems

Question 41

What is acute psychosis?

Answer 41

severe break in patients’ abilities to process information and interact with their environments patient develops one or more things such as hallucinations, delusions, catatonia, or a thought disorder causing severely erratic behavior

Question 42

What do you do when dealing with behavioral and psychiatric emergencies?

Answer 42

dentify yourself and your role, speak slowly and clearly, use a calm and reassuring tone, make eye contact with patient, listen to the patient showing you are listening by repeating part of what patients say back, don’t be judgemental show compassion do not pity, use positive body language avoiding crossing arms or looking uninterested, acknowledge the patient’s feelings, do not enter their personal space at least 3 feet away, be alert for changes or aggressive behavior prevent harm

Question 43

What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?

Answer 43

elevates mood by preventing reuptake of neurotransmitter serotonin in synapse with prozac paxil and zoloft

Question 44

What are the signs and symptoms of psychiatric emergencies?

Answer 44

panic or anxiety; unusual appearance, disordered clothing or poor hygiene; agitated or unusual activity such as repetitive motions, threatening movements, or withdrawn stance; unusual speech patterns, such as too-rapid or pressured-sounding speech (as if being forced out), or an inability to carry on a coherent conversation, bizarre behavior or thought patterns; suicidal or self-destructive behavior; violent or aggressive behavior with threats or intent to harm others

Question 45

What is hallucinations?

Answer 45

inappropriate sensory observations such as visions or voices don’t play along with any visual or auditory hallucinations a patient may be experiencing dont lie if it may help involve others

Question 46

What are delusions?

Answer 46

falsely held beliefs such as paranoia, belief that one is being persecuted when that is not the case

Question 47

What is catatonia?

Answer 47

characterized by either an almost complete no interaction with the environment or wild and completely inappropriate movement and interactions

Question 48

what are thought disorders?

Answer 48

impact a patient’s ability to process information and to communicate and can cause unusual speech patterns or strange writing

Question 49

What is suicide?

Answer 49

caused by depression from chemical imbalance, death of a loved one, financial problems, and to love affair, poor health, loss of esteem, divorce, fear of failure, and alcohol and drug abuse. usually attempted by drug overdose, hanging, jumping from high places, ingesting poisons, inhaling gas, wrist-cutting, self-mutilation, stabbing or shooting

Question 50

What do you do for potential and attempted suicides?

Answer 50

Potential and attempted suicides from depression, high current or recent stress levels, recent emotional trauma: job loss, loss of a significant relationship, serious illness, arrest or imprisonment; age- 15-24 and over 40; alcohol and drug abuse; threatening suicide; suicide plan for how he’d go give away personal possessions; previous attempts or suicide threats; sudden improvement from depression

Question 51

How do you treat suicidal patients?

Answer 51

dont leave alone unless you think they there is a risk to you and try to talk with patient from safe distance until police arrive performing physical exam only if it is safe and they may have an injury. try to convince to go to hospital and if violent again try to reestablish conversation and try again later transporting all suicidal patients

Question 52

What are aggressive and hostile patients?

Answer 52

if scene has drugs, yelling, unclean conditions or broken furniture there are signs of aggression. patients stanc (tense muscles; fissts clenched; or quick irregular movement_ warning signs. dont isolate yourself from your patner or other sources of help, have escape route, dont let patient between you and door if violent retreat and wait for police. staying out of kitchens. they respond to people inappropriately, tries to hurt himself or others, may have rapid pulse and breathing, usually displays rapid spech and physical movments, appear anxious nervous or panicking

Question 53

What is reasonable force?

Answer 53

force necesary to keep patient form injuring himself or others looking at circumstance involving including strength and size type of abnormal behavior, mental status and available methods of restraint protecting yourself from attack. EMT cant legally restrain, move against their will, or force patient to accept emergency care done by law enforcements or doctors ordering you to restrain you dont restrain have police and try not to help

Question 54

What do you make sure of when restraining?

Answer 54

handcuffs and criminal restraints should not be used because of soft=tissue damage only use orignally use leather cuffs and restraints, waist-sized belt, and three short belts with restraints for wrists and ankles made from gauze rolelr bandages dont remove even if patient acts rationally

Question 55

What do you do when restraining?

Answer 55

appraoch with minmum of four people at each limb to act at the same time, staying beyond range of extremities otherwise. secure all four limbs and never in prone positon or one that threatenes movemnt of chest wall dont restrain anyway to impair breathing. with drugs may need ALS to calm them down medically otherwise monitor continually. if patient spitting secure mask or wear protective masks eyewear and clothing if worried about vomit reassessing distal circulation

Question 56

What is excited delirium?

Answer 56

bizarre and/r aggressive behavior, shouting, paranoia, panic, violence towards other, insensitivity to pain, unexpected physical strength, and hyperthermia, usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. has elevated temperature and someitmes alcohol or drug intoxication; patient will cease struggling, and often within minutes patient has inadequate or absent respirations and subsequently dies

Question 57

What is positional asphyxia?

Answer 57

inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts breathing

Question 58

What do you do if a hostile patient refuses care

Answer 58

police can say patient has to go or you can use implied that patient is a harm to himself or call mental health team having police come with oyu the whole way and have same sex working with person

Question 59

What is coagulopathy?

Answer 59

loss of normal ability to form a blood clot with internal or external breathing dye to a deficiency in either platelets and clotting factors. when body forms clots too easily when patients clots too slowly resulting in uncontrolled bleeding

Question 60

What is liver disease?

Answer 60

cirrhosis does not make adequate clotting factors to form stable clots

Question 61

What is von willebrand?

Answer 61

platelets good number but defective

Question 62

what are blood thinners?

Answer 62

Coumadin, Pradaxa, Eliquis, Xarelto, and Lovenox inhibit clotting factors and aspirin and Plavix inhibit platelet aggregation with patients on these medications more prone to having life=threatening bleeding when injured than patients who are not on medications with minor injuries leading to increased risk of uncontrolled bleedings and patients with atrial fibrillation are commonly on blood thinners asking all trauma patients if on blood thinners as part of assessment.

Question 63

What is anemia?

Answer 63

lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation. very pale

Question 64

What is acute anemia?

Answer 64

may result from trauma or sudden massive bleeding from gastrointestinal tract rapidly exhibiting signs and symptoms of shock such as a rapid pulse rate: cool, clammy skin and eventual hypotension.

Question 65

What is chronic anemia?

Answer 65

occurs over time and can be caused by conditions such as recurrent heavy menstrual periods, slow gastrointestinal blood loss, or diseases that affect the bone marrow or the structure of the hemoglobin itself. often appearing more pale than normal (from lack of circulating red blood cells) and often complain of fatigue and shortness of breath with exertion (because of a lack of adequate oxygen being delivered to the body’s cells. only after prolonged period of time will patients with chronic anemia exhibit signs and symptoms of shock so examine conjunctiva on lower eyelid.

Question 66

What is sickle cell anemia and what does it do to the body?

Answer 66

an inherited disease in ;which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells. occurs in patients of African, Middle Eastern, or INdian descent, which have defective hemoglobin losing their ability to have a normal shape and compressibility and they dont survive as long resulting in chronic anemia and which cause blockages. resulting in destruction of spleen as it is blocked with normal RBCs making them at higher risk for severe, life-threatening infections. some of the cells are sludged in capilarries resulting in severe pain in arms legs chest and abdomen. chest syndrome with shortness of breath and chest pain because of hypoxia when blood vessesl in lungs are blocked. painful prolonged erection because sludging of RBS prevent normal blood drainage from erect penis. stroke can occur when blocking supplying brain or jaudncdice when liver becomes overwhelemed by breakdwons.

Question 67

What are urinary tract infections?

Answer 67

caused by bacteria, and most UTIs are limited to the baladder, causing symptoms of painful and frequent urinationand can be serious and life threatening if spread to the bloodstream.

Question 68

What is pyelonephritis?

Answer 68

an infection that begins in the urinary tract and ascends up the ureter into the kidney if a urinary tract infection is left untreated placed unilaterally pain as well as UTI symptoms and appearing more ill than those with uncomplicated bladder infections

Question 69

What are kidney stones?

Answer 69

are painful and made of calcium and formed within kidney. if they remain in kidney cause no symptoms but can cause severe unilateral flank pain radiating to groin area when stonedescends from kdiney and becomes lodged in the ureter and is ubale to pass into the bladder. patients with kidney stone pain often have associated nausea and vomiting

Question 70

What are urinary catheters?

Answer 70

a drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body. given to patient who has obstructed flow of the bladder such as a tumor or a large prostate or because of neurological disorder. in place for the long term or into own urethra each time they urinate or whole through skin to bladder for short or long term resulting in urinary tract infections and local trauma two most common complications

Question 71

What is renal failure?

Answer 71

loss of the kidneys’ ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body. With acute or chronic reasons.

Question 72

What is acute renal failure?

Answer 72

can occur as result of shock, toxic ingestions, and other causes. some patients who experience acute renal failure can recover normal kidney function if underlyingcause of insult to kidneys is rapidly identified and corrected. from severe dehydtraion. treating with aggressive fluids

Question 73

What is chronic renal failure?

Answer 73

include inherited disease such as polycystic kidney disease with long-term damage caused by poorly controlled diabetes and/or high blood pressure that results in loss of normal renal failure.

Question 74

Wha tis end stage renal disease?

Answer 74

(ESRD) irreversible renal failure to the extent that kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis

Question 75

What is dialysis?

Answer 75

the process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed form the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys

Question 76

What is hemodialysis?

Answer 76

patient connected to dialysis that punps blood thorugh specialized filters to remove toxins and excess fluid by two large catheters. one catheter allowing blood to flow out of body into dialysis machine, and other catheter returns blood to body after filtration. creating circuit where blood is removed from body, filtered, and returned to body continuosly over several hours while ptatient is connected to machine. requiring large blood flow from body. have veins into major veins or surgically created fistula in one of extremities having thrill when palpated using another extremity to obtain blood pressure.

Question 77

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 77

done in own homes, slower process requiring multiple treatments every day for most patients most common form outside Us and Canada. using large surface area inside peritoneal cavity surrounds abdominal organs as means of removing toxins and excess fluid from body with permamnt cather impanted through abdominal wall and into peritoneal cavity. several liters of solution run into abdominal cavity and left in place for several hours absorbing waste material and excess fluid with fluid drained back out into bag and discarded.

Question 78

What is a thrill?

Answer 78

vibration felt on gentle palpation, such as that which typically occurs within an arterial-venous fistula

Question 79

What is an exchange?

Answer 79

once cycle of filling and draining the peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis

Question 80

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 80

(CAPD)- a gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out. fluid left in cavity by clamping catheter for 4-6 hours, repeating exchange several times a day. with a continuous cycler using machine to exhcange 3-5 times during night while sleeping.

Question 81

What is peritonitis?

Answer 81

bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity developing abdominal pain, fever, and dialysis fluid that is cloudy when drained

Question 82

What do you do for patients that have missed dialysis?

Answer 82

have symptoms of chronic heart fialure. shortness of breath because of fluid buildup in lungs and accumulation of fluids elsewhere such a ankles, hands, and face. no longer balancing and clearing excess electrolytes and other toxins and may suffer form electric disturbance in heart with proper funcitonig of heart’s electrical system requires that balance of electrolytes in bloodstream kept within certain tight range with elevated potassium dangerous and resulting in patient death

Question 83

What are some complications from dialysis?

Answer 83

problems associated with major arteries accessed so much, bleeding from site of A-V fistula when dialysis needles removed while being disconnected from machine. clotting and loss of function of A-V fistula results in fistula;s feeling hard to touch and in los of normal thrill felt on palpation, and beacterial infection of blood from contamination during connection and disconnection.

Question 84

What do you do to treat those with complications?

Answer 84

control serious bleeding from site of A-V fistula. using direct pressure, elevation, and hemostatic dressings as needed. tourniquet avoided but if life-threatning applied as proximally as possible on limb and not directly over fistula. give oxygen and be aware and treat for shock

Question 85

What are the concerns with hollow organs?

Answer 85

more likely to rupture with contents spilling into cavity cuaisng distention and irritation such as digestion system by irritating gassy crampy filled with air (coulic- intermittent tracts)

Question 86

What are the concerns with solid organs?

Answer 86

vascular so a lot of bleeding

Question 87

What is upper right quadrant pain?

Answer 87

if painful have u been drinking. palpating it with distended liver beyond costal arch usually hidden below rib gets large and painful

Question 88

What is upper left quadrant pain?

Answer 88

pancreas, stomach, spleen

Question 89

What is flank pain?

Answer 89

kidneys men severe starting in flank when up high and as they travel comes around front towards umbilical to groin area on inside thigh. men who have one are more prone to having many with predisposed to it

Question 90

What is right lower quadrant pain?

Answer 90

dull pain periumbilical around belly button traveling down to the right appendix painful pushing down if ebound pain much greater 98% definitive for appendicitis

Question 91

What is epigastric area pain?

Answer 91

could be cardiac in origin or abdominal nerves travel same track and a lot of times people complain of epigastric pain also complain of heartburn indicator of birth of gurd or cardiac. get ALS to look at EKG don’t walk to stretcher position of comfort strap keeps knees up and pillow between knees and on belly

Question 92

What is in the exztraperitoneal space?

Answer 92

kidneys pancreas aorta and bladder- pelvic cavity

Question 93

What do corsets do?

Answer 93

reduced circulating volume 40-60% causing syncope was case of hypoxia organs displacing down reducing peristalsis exerting much more readily

Question 94

How do you care for abdominal pain?

Answer 94

care for abdomenal pain- get as much history get very good phsycial examin (distention, discoloration bruising (right flank pancreatitis or inflamed liver, protrusion), rebound pain (hollow organ), pinpoint (solid organ) area of pain last transport in posiion of comfort. something warm on abdomen is helpful. never give anything by mouth

Question 95

What is a future of the periumbilical lower quadrant pain

Answer 95

ruptured ovarian cyst- relief of pain, appendix rupture pain increases worried about sepsis and irritating to internal cavity. appendix- rebound tenderness

Question 96

What is different about geriatric patients?

Answer 96

decreased ability to perceive pain more serious causes of abdominal pain and more liekly to be life threateneing

Question 97

what do yo do for kidney, gall stones, and appendix?

Answer 97

kidney, gall stones and appendix a lot of pain along ride and call ALs for pain meds. anxious and cant get comfortable and move around a lot