Midterm Exam #1 Flashcards
What are the 4 subfields of Anthropology?
- Cultural Anthropology
- Biological Anthropology
- Linguistic Anthropology
- Archaeology
What are the 3 Evidence of Human Activity
- Artifacts
- modified by human
- portable - Features
- not portable
- modified by human - Ecofacts
- portable
- not modified by human
- transported by human
Define Sedentism
Shift from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle
Define Social Complexity
Shift from egalitarian to hierarchal social organization
Canadian Patrimony Laws
- regulation is mostly at provincial level
- depending on the province, First Nations have a greater role in regulating cultural heritage
Saskatchewan Heritage Property Act
- Burials not found in a recognized cemetery are property of the Crown
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum developed protocol with Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
- Human remains are scientifically studied, then repatriated to the tribes for reburial
Ontario Cemeteries Act
- Scientific study of human remains is prohibited without the permission of a representative of the deceased
- The owner of the land negotiates what will happen to the remains with descendants
- Archaeologists have no say
Historic Sites and Monuments Act of 1985
-Provides for the administration, preservation and maintenance of designated sites
Canada Shipping Act of 2001
- Establishes jurisdiction over preservation of shipwrecks
- No protection for sites along coastlines and ocean beds
Canada Impact Assessment Act of 2019
- Requires gov’t departments to assess the impact of construction projects on the environment
Cultural Property Export and Import Act of 1985
Prohibits the illicit import, export or transportation of ownership of cultural property that is of importance to archaeology, prehistory, history, literature, art or science
UNESCO 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
- Prohibits the international trafficking of cultural objects
- Canada signed in 1978
National Heritage Sites in Alberta
- Designated National Historic Sites are protected under the Jurisdiction of Parks Canada
- Have to be cared for in a way that protects historical pieces
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Alberta
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
Dinosaur Provincial Park
HSIBJ
Writing-on-Stone
Provincial Heritage Sites
owned by the Government of Alberta
Kwaday Dan Ts’inchi
- in his 20s
- immediately called gov’t
- 300 years old
- well preserved
- mtDNA showed relation to wolf clan
- 17 descendants - 15 from wolf clan
- traveled 100km before death
- name given by elders
- collaborative from the start
Kennewick Man
- Oldest skeletal remains in North America
- Deliberate burial
- thought to have European features
- claimed by 5 tribes under NAGPRA
- 2 decades to repatriate
- He is Indigenous
- in his 30s
- spear in pelvis
9000 years old
contested from the start
Pan-Indianism
Idea that there is a single “Indian” experience/Indigenous culture, language, belief, system, traditions and people
Current population of Indigenous in Canada
- over 1.6 million
- roughly 4.5% of Canada’s total population
- Fastest growing demographic in Canada
- About 50% are under 25
First Nation
- 977,230 Indigenous people identify as First Nation
- autonomous, self-governing collective entities with distinct languages, religions, economics and customary law