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MIDTERM ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

an act that is performed only by a human being and thus is proper to man

A

human acts

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2
Q

human acts are directed to their true end

A

law

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3
Q

law is applied by

A

conscience

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4
Q

DIRECTIVES / NORMS OF HUMAN ACT:

A
  1. Law
  2. Conscience
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5
Q

Set standard of development or achievement, derived from the average or median.

A

Norms

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6
Q

Serve to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.

A

Norms

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7
Q

The standard of right and wrong in human actions.

A

Norms of Morality

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8
Q

Two types of Norms of Morality:

A
  1. Subjective Norms of Morality
  2. Objective Norms of Morality
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9
Q

The moral authority dwells within the Individual. / Human reason.

A

Subjective Norm of Morality

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10
Q

‘Inner voice’ as described by Mahatma Gandhi

A

Conscience

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11
Q

Standard for an objective evaluation of the human acts. / Eternal divine law.

A

Objective Norms of Morality

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12
Q

Objective norms of morality:

A

Intuition, Law, Pleasure

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13
Q

The basic human reasoning process is questioned. / Defined as the immediate apprehension of an object by the mind.

A

Norm as Intuition

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14
Q

Most important norms of morality which controls the human judges from Outside

A

Law as Norm

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15
Q

Pleasure as the supreme good of human life.

A

Pleasure as Norm

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16
Q

Qualifications of Norms:

A

The norm needs to be:
1. Unchangeable
2. Universal
3. Accessible to all
4. Applicable to all Conditions of Life
5. of single Standard

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17
Q

Types of Social Norms

A
  1. Folkway
  2. More
  3. Taboo
  4. Law
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18
Q

structures the difference between right and wrong

A

more

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19
Q

inscribed at the state or federal level

A

law

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20
Q

strong negative norm; violating results in disgust

A

taboo

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21
Q

organizes casual interactions

A

folkway

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22
Q

Order coming from a legitimate authority. / Binding upon the subjects to obey. / A law is not a request but a command.

A

A law is an ordinance

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23
Q

result of intellectual and rational study

A

A law is an ordinance of reason

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24
Q

As a product of reason, the law saw to it that the following qualities are present:

A

○ A law must be just
○ A law must be honest
○ It is possible to be fulfilled
○ It is useful as guide to attain a goal
○ It must be relatively permanent
○ It must be promulgated

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25
Must be publicized in order to be made known to people. / Takes effect only when the subjects are aware
A law is promulgated
26
Covers a group of people or society, must serve the public good. / Should be a “liberating agency and not an enslaving one”. / Directs men towards the attainment of their goals
A law is promulgated for the common good
27
Law and precept.
A law must be promulgated in society
28
The “one” refers to the legitimate lawgivers, must be it a one-person or group of persons.
A law is promulgated by one who has charge of a society
29
Example of law (promulgated in society)
1. Martial Law 2. Republic Act No. 9165 (instituting comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002) 3. RA 7948
30
Example of precept (promulgated in society)
1. 10 Commandments 2. Be honest, be true to yourself and others 3. House owner posting rules and regulations of his in his property
31
Set standard of development or achievement usually derived from the average or median achievement of a large group.
Norms
32
What are the 2 norms of morality?
1. Subjective 2. Objective
33
What are the types of social norms?
1. Folkway 2. Taboo 3. More 4. Law
34
It is an ordinance of reason, promulgated for the common good by one who is in charge of society.
Law
35
Give each one example of law and precept
1. Law: - Martial Law, - Republic Act No. 9165 (instituting comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002), - RA 7948 2. Precept: - 10 Commandments, - Be honest, be true to yourself and others - House owner posting rules and regulations of his in his property
36
Classification of Law
1. Legislator 2. Duration 3. Mode of Promulgation 4. Prescription
37
Two kinds of law under legislator.
1. Divine Law 2. Human Law
38
laws authored by God
Divine Laws
39
Examples of Divine Laws:
1. Ten Commandments 2. Two Great Commandments (Love God and Love other People)
40
laws authored by man
Human Laws
41
Two Kinds of Human Laws:
1. Civil Law 2. Ecclesiastical Law
42
Two Kinds of Human Laws:
1. Civil Law 2. Ecclesiastical Law
43
Laws enacted by the state.
Civil Law
44
Laws enacted by the Church.
Ecclesiastical Law
45
Classification of laws under the standpoint of Duration:
1. Eternal Laws 2. Temporal Laws
46
Laws implemented by God, endless.
Eternal Laws
47
Laws implemented by man, subject to time.
Temporal Laws
48
Example of Eternal Laws:
Divine Law
49
Example of Temporal Laws:
Human Laws
50
Classification of laws under the Mode of Promulgation:
1. Natural Law 2. Positive Law
51
Laws made known to man / do good and avoid evil / can exists even in absence of man.
Natural Law
52
man made / do good to avoid sanctions / dependent on existence of man
Positive Law
53
2 Kinds of Law under prescription
1. Affirmative Laws 2. Negative Laws
54
mandatory or prohibited laws / required
Negative Laws
55
permissive or suppletory laws / neither required or prohibited
Affirmative Laws
56
scientific, experimental, mathematical laws
Physical Law
57
Example of Physical Law
Law of Thermodynamics, Law of Inertia, Universal Law of Gravitation,
58
Derived from the Latin phrase cum alia scientia which means "acting with knowledge."
Conscience
59
Connecting link between law and individual acts. / Akin to man's intellect and a judgement of moral values.
Conscience
60
Types of Conscience
- True or Correct Conscience - False or Erroneous Conscience - Scrupulous Conscience - Lax Conscience - Certain Conscience - Doubtful Conscience
61
what is good as good and what is evil as evil
TRUE OR CORRECT CONSCIENCE
62
what is good is evil and what is evil is good
FALSE OR ERRONEOUS CONSCIENCE
63
there is sin where there really is no sin, or something is a mortal sin when it is only a venial sin.
SCRUPULOUS CONSCIENCE
64
refuses to be bothered about the distinction of good and evil / opposite of scrupulous conscience / finds excuses for an evil act to be not sinful.
LAX CONSCIENCE
65
Certain actions to be done or admitted / act without a bit of doubt.
CERTAIN CONSCIENCE
66
a vacillating conscience / opposite of certain conscience / can't certainly decide, unsure about the morality of what one is to do.
DOUBTFUL CONSCIENCE
67
How to form/develop one's conscience:
1. Get rid of doubt and achieve certainty 2. Use rational thinking 3. Develop moral certitude
68
base on a sense of right and wrong according to conscience
MORAL CERTITUDE
69
Quality of human acts which leads us to call some of them good and some evil.
MORALITY
70
A thing is considered good when it can answer _____, _____, or _____.
tendency, appetite or desire
71
The greatest good. Ethical system for the ultimate good.
SUMMUN BONUM
72
"Highest good."
Cicero
73
What are the norms of Human Acts?
1. Law 2. Conscience
74
What are the classifications of law?
1. Legislator 2. Duration 3. The Mode of Promulgation 4. Prescription
75
What are the kinds of human laws?
1. Civil Law 2. Ecclesiastical Law
76
Give two examples of physical law.
Law of Thermodynamics Law of Gravity
77
DETERMINANT OF MORALITY = _______
MEASUREMENT
78
Primary Determinant of Morality / Natural Purpose of the Act / Natural Result of the Action
The End of the Act
79
called as motive / intention or the motive of the doer of the act / without motive, act is accidental or involuntary
The End of the Actor
80
Conditions set by the situation / increasing or decreasing the responsibility of the person or actor / circumstances to consider, who, what, when, where, why and by what means
Circumstance of the Act
81
Paul Glenn’s 5 Principles:
1. An indifferent act can become good or bad through circumstances 2. A good act can become evil through circumstances 3. An intrinsically good act can become better or an intrinsically bad act can become worse through circumstances 4. An evil act can never be good through circumstances 5. A good act with evil means destroy entire objective of the act
82
PROPERTIES OF HUMAN ACTS
1. Imputability / “Impute” 2. Merit (Praiseworthiness) and Demerit (Culpability)
83
As being done, caused, or possessed by someone; attribute.
Imputability / “Impute”
84
refer to the advantages or favorable significance
Merits
85
refer to the unfavourable points
Demerits
86
The End of the Doer is also called as
Motive
87
What is also known as the measurement of how good or bad something is?
Determinant of morality
88
It is the term where you receive a merit or praise
praiseworthiness
89
Refers to the intention or the motive of the doer of the act.
The end of the doer or the intention of the agent
90
Give 3 determinants of morality:
The End of the Act The End of the Doer Circumstance of the act
91
It is when you receive a demerit or punishment
culpability
92
Give 1 example of merit
healthcare,education etc
93
Give 1 example of demerit
Alcoholic,using drugs, etc

SEMINAR (4 decks)

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