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SEMINAR > MIDTERM ETHICS > Flashcards

MIDTERM ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

an act that is performed only by a human being and thus is proper to man

A

human acts

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2
Q

human acts are directed to their true end

A

law

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3
Q

law is applied by

A

conscience

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4
Q

DIRECTIVES / NORMS OF HUMAN ACT:

A
  1. Law
  2. Conscience
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5
Q

Set standard of development or achievement, derived from the average or median.

A

Norms

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6
Q

Serve to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.

A

Norms

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7
Q

The standard of right and wrong in human actions.

A

Norms of Morality

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8
Q

Two types of Norms of Morality:

A
  1. Subjective Norms of Morality
  2. Objective Norms of Morality
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9
Q

The moral authority dwells within the Individual. / Human reason.

A

Subjective Norm of Morality

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10
Q

‘Inner voice’ as described by Mahatma Gandhi

A

Conscience

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11
Q

Standard for an objective evaluation of the human acts. / Eternal divine law.

A

Objective Norms of Morality

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12
Q

Objective norms of morality:

A

Intuition, Law, Pleasure

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13
Q

The basic human reasoning process is questioned. / Defined as the immediate apprehension of an object by the mind.

A

Norm as Intuition

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14
Q

Most important norms of morality which controls the human judges from Outside

A

Law as Norm

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15
Q

Pleasure as the supreme good of human life.

A

Pleasure as Norm

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16
Q

Qualifications of Norms:

A

The norm needs to be:
1. Unchangeable
2. Universal
3. Accessible to all
4. Applicable to all Conditions of Life
5. of single Standard

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17
Q

Types of Social Norms

A
  1. Folkway
  2. More
  3. Taboo
  4. Law
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18
Q

structures the difference between right and wrong

A

more

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19
Q

inscribed at the state or federal level

A

law

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20
Q

strong negative norm; violating results in disgust

A

taboo

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21
Q

organizes casual interactions

A

folkway

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22
Q

Order coming from a legitimate authority. / Binding upon the subjects to obey. / A law is not a request but a command.

A

A law is an ordinance

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23
Q

result of intellectual and rational study

A

A law is an ordinance of reason

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24
Q

As a product of reason, the law saw to it that the following qualities are present:

A

○ A law must be just
○ A law must be honest
○ It is possible to be fulfilled
○ It is useful as guide to attain a goal
○ It must be relatively permanent
○ It must be promulgated

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25
Q

Must be publicized in order to be made known to people. / Takes effect only when the subjects are aware

A

A law is promulgated

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26
Q

Covers a group of people or society, must serve the public good. / Should be a “liberating agency and not an enslaving one”. / Directs men towards the attainment of their goals

A

A law is promulgated for the common good

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27
Q

Law and precept.

A

A law must be promulgated in society

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28
Q

The “one” refers to the legitimate lawgivers, must be it a one-person or group of persons.

A

A law is promulgated by one who has charge of a society

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29
Q

Example of law (promulgated in society)

A
  1. Martial Law
  2. Republic Act No. 9165 (instituting comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002)
  3. RA 7948
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30
Q

Example of precept (promulgated in society)

A
  1. 10 Commandments
  2. Be honest, be true to yourself and
    others
  3. House owner posting rules and
    regulations of his in his property
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31
Q

Set standard of development or achievement usually derived from the average or median achievement of a large group.

A

Norms

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32
Q

What are the 2 norms of morality?

A
  1. Subjective
  2. Objective
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33
Q

What are the types of social norms?

A
  1. Folkway
  2. Taboo
  3. More
  4. Law
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34
Q

It is an ordinance of reason, promulgated for the common good by one who is in charge of society.

A

Law

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35
Q

Give each one example of law and precept

A
  1. Law:
    - Martial Law,
    - Republic Act No. 9165 (instituting comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002),
    - RA 7948
  2. Precept:
    - 10 Commandments,
    - Be honest, be true to yourself and others
    - House owner posting rules and regulations of his in his property
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36
Q

Classification of Law

A
  1. Legislator
  2. Duration
  3. Mode of Promulgation
  4. Prescription
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37
Q

Two kinds of law under legislator.

A
  1. Divine Law
  2. Human Law
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38
Q

laws authored by God

A

Divine Laws

39
Q

Examples of Divine Laws:

A
  1. Ten Commandments
  2. Two Great Commandments (Love God and Love other People)
40
Q

laws authored by man

A

Human Laws

41
Q

Two Kinds of Human Laws:

A
  1. Civil Law
  2. Ecclesiastical Law
42
Q

Two Kinds of Human Laws:

A
  1. Civil Law
  2. Ecclesiastical Law
43
Q

Laws enacted by the state.

A

Civil Law

44
Q

Laws enacted by the Church.

A

Ecclesiastical Law

45
Q

Classification of laws under the standpoint of Duration:

A
  1. Eternal Laws
  2. Temporal Laws
46
Q

Laws implemented by God, endless.

A

Eternal Laws

47
Q

Laws implemented by man, subject to time.

A

Temporal Laws

48
Q

Example of Eternal Laws:

A

Divine Law

49
Q

Example of Temporal Laws:

A

Human Laws

50
Q

Classification of laws under the Mode of Promulgation:

A
  1. Natural Law
  2. Positive Law
51
Q

Laws made known to man / do good and avoid evil / can exists even in absence of man.

A

Natural Law

52
Q

man made / do good to avoid sanctions / dependent on existence of man

A

Positive Law

53
Q

2 Kinds of Law under prescription

A
  1. Affirmative Laws
  2. Negative Laws
54
Q

mandatory or prohibited laws / required

A

Negative Laws

55
Q

permissive or suppletory laws / neither required or prohibited

A

Affirmative Laws

56
Q

scientific, experimental, mathematical laws

A

Physical Law

57
Q

Example of Physical Law

A

Law of Thermodynamics, Law of Inertia, Universal Law of Gravitation,

58
Q

Derived from the Latin phrase cum alia scientia which means “acting with knowledge.”

A

Conscience

59
Q

Connecting link between law and individual acts. / Akin to man’s intellect and a judgement of moral values.

A

Conscience

60
Q

Types of Conscience

A
  • True or Correct Conscience
  • False or Erroneous Conscience
  • Scrupulous Conscience
  • Lax Conscience
  • Certain Conscience
  • Doubtful Conscience
61
Q

what is good as good and what is evil as evil

A

TRUE OR CORRECT CONSCIENCE

62
Q

what is good is evil and what is evil is good

A

FALSE OR ERRONEOUS CONSCIENCE

63
Q

there is sin where there really is no sin, or something is a mortal sin when it is only a venial sin.

A

SCRUPULOUS CONSCIENCE

64
Q

refuses to be bothered about the distinction of good and evil / opposite of scrupulous conscience / finds excuses for an evil act to be not sinful.

A

LAX CONSCIENCE

65
Q

Certain actions to be done or admitted / act without a bit of doubt.

A

CERTAIN CONSCIENCE

66
Q

a vacillating conscience / opposite of certain conscience / can’t certainly decide, unsure about the morality of what one is to do.

A

DOUBTFUL CONSCIENCE

67
Q

How to form/develop one’s conscience:

A
  1. Get rid of doubt and achieve certainty
  2. Use rational thinking
  3. Develop moral certitude
68
Q

base on a sense of right and wrong according to conscience

A

MORAL CERTITUDE

69
Q

Quality of human acts which leads us to call some of them good and some evil.

A

MORALITY

70
Q

A thing is considered good when it can answer _____, _____, or _____.

A

tendency, appetite or desire

71
Q

The greatest good. Ethical system for the ultimate good.

A

SUMMUN BONUM

72
Q

“Highest good.”

A

Cicero

73
Q

What are the norms of Human Acts?

A
  1. Law
  2. Conscience
74
Q

What are the classifications of law?

A
  1. Legislator
  2. Duration
  3. The Mode of Promulgation
  4. Prescription
75
Q

What are the kinds of human laws?

A
  1. Civil Law
  2. Ecclesiastical Law
76
Q

Give two examples of physical law.

A

Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Gravity

77
Q

DETERMINANT OF MORALITY = _______

A

MEASUREMENT

78
Q

Primary Determinant of Morality / Natural Purpose of the Act / Natural Result of the Action

A

The End of the Act

79
Q

called as motive / intention or the motive of the doer of the act / without motive, act is accidental or involuntary

A

The End of the Actor

80
Q

Conditions set by the situation / increasing or decreasing the responsibility of the person or actor / circumstances to consider, who, what, when, where, why and by what means

A

Circumstance of the Act

81
Q

Paul Glenn’s 5 Principles:

A
  1. An indifferent act can become good or bad through circumstances
  2. A good act can become evil through circumstances
  3. An intrinsically good act can become better or an intrinsically bad
    act can become worse through circumstances
  4. An evil act can never be good through circumstances
  5. A good act with evil means destroy entire objective of the act
82
Q

PROPERTIES OF HUMAN ACTS

A
  1. Imputability / “Impute”
  2. Merit (Praiseworthiness) and Demerit (Culpability)
83
Q

As being done, caused, or possessed by someone; attribute.

A

Imputability / “Impute”

84
Q

refer to the advantages or favorable significance

A

Merits

85
Q

refer to the unfavourable points

A

Demerits

86
Q

The End of the Doer is also called as

A

Motive

87
Q

What is also known as the measurement of how good or bad something is?

A

Determinant of morality

88
Q

It is the term where you receive a merit or praise

A

praiseworthiness

89
Q

Refers to the intention or the motive of the doer of the act.

A

The end of the doer or the intention of the agent

90
Q

Give 3 determinants of morality:

A

The End of the Act
The End of the Doer
Circumstance of the act

91
Q

It is when you receive a demerit or punishment

A

culpability

92
Q

Give 1 example of merit

A

healthcare,education etc

93
Q

Give 1 example of demerit

A

Alcoholic,using drugs, etc

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