Midterm - Editing

Question 1

Continuity Editing

Answer 1

Classical Hollywood editing; aims to unnoticable and keep focus on the story; also known as IMR (Institutional Mode of Representation); the bigger the camera distance the longer the shot, traditionally

Question 2

Cut

Answer 2

A join between two shots

Question 3

Discontinuity

Answer 3

When continuity editing is not followed

Question 4

30-degree rule

Answer 4

When a shot is cut to another, the second shot should have a camera angled at least 30 degrees away from where the original shot was. If not it violates continuity and also could create a jump cut.

Question 5

Jump Cut

Answer 5

A cut to another shot at the same or very close angles, so it makes the screen appear to “jump”; can be used to express passing of time or other narrative purposes; always violates continuity

Question 6

180-degree rule

Answer 6

When filming a scene, the camera should stay on one side or within 180 degrees to keep what’s going on clear and focused. Ensure relative positions, eyelines, and screen direction stay consistent If 180 degrees is passed it violates continuity.

Question 7

Cut-in

Answer 7

Cutting to a closer shot of the same subject; “a close up shot of something visible in the main scene”

Question 8

Cut-away

Answer 8

When a shot cuts to another subject entirely

Question 9

Montage

Answer 9

A series of shots, generally quick, that utilizes many cuts and generally expresses passage of time or space

Question 10

Eyeline Match

Answer 10

A cut from someone looking at something to what they are looking at; creates strong sense of continuity

Question 11

Dissolve

Answer 11

A shot fading into another; as one shot becomes less distinct another becomes more; could be considered a form of superimposition

Question 12

Single-Cam

Answer 12

A type of filming that only uses one camera, so each scene is reshot from multiple angles; most common type in Hollywood

Question 13

Graphical Match

Answer 13

When a shot cuts to another shot that has some graphical feature in the same position (i;e first shot has red balloon in top left, second shot has same positioning of red balloon); can be used to keep viewers focused on a certain part of the screen

Question 14

Straight Cut

Answer 14

A cut with no techniques (like dissolves or fades) used

Question 15

Long Take

Answer 15

A long shot with no cuts, generally at least 30 seconds

Question 16

Fade-Out/In

Answer 16

A shot fading to black; black fading to a shot

Question 17

Wipe

Answer 17

A line crossing across the scene, with one side of the shot gradually replacing the whole scene

Question 18

Shot/Reverse-Shot

Answer 18

An editing technique that shows two characters conversing, while cutting back and forth between the two

Question 19

Rhythm in Editing

Answer 19

Possibilities that can be used to effect in editing: cuts can match actions, scenes can be extended to allow for audience reactions, shots can be repeated in the same length to create a tempo, or gradually shortened to increase tension

Question 20

Space in Editing

Answer 20

How editing can create space; filmmakers can choose which parts of the scene to show and for how long, creating focus on certain parts of the space

Question 21

Kuleshov Effect

Answer 21

A series of shots that do not have an establishing shot, causing the viewer to make inferences about the space from what they can see

Question 22

Crosscutting

Answer 22

Cutting between scenes in various spaces

Question 23

Time in Editing

Answer 23

How editing controls time in film; ordering of shots and events, messing with duration of events to extend or shorten them

Question 24

Flashback/forward

Answer 24

Showing shots from the past/future of the story, out of order

Question 25

Elliptical editing/ellipsis

Answer 25

Using editing to make an onscreen action take less time then it would in real life i;e cut from someone at the bottom of stairs to them at the top

Question 26

Temporal Expansion

Answer 26

Causing an event to take more time then it would normally, usually done via overlapping editing, which repeats shots to emphasize an event

Question 27

Punctuation Shot Change

Answer 27

A special edit technique i;e a wipe, dissolve, fade

Question 28

Empty Frame

Answer 28

Frames with no action, usually used to put emphasis on something entering or leaving or a lack of action

Question 29

Axis of Action

Answer 29

Line that the 180 degree rule revolves around, usually cuts through middle of scene

Question 30

Screen Direction

Answer 30

Direction something on screen is moving relative to the screen world

Question 31

Reestablishing Shot

Answer 31

Redefines space originally established earlier

Question 32

Match on Action

Answer 32

Starting an action in one shot then cutting to it continuing in another shot, thus continuing the action across shots

Question 33

Cheat Cut

Answer 33

Having some mismatches between shots that are masked by following continuity systems

Question 34

Nondiegetic Insert

Answer 34

A scene/shot from outside the world of the film