Midterm (CH 16-20)

Question 1

In Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction, what did a Confederate state need to do to qualify for readmission into the Union?

Answer 1

Ten percent of the voting population needed to take an oath of allegiance before forming a new government.

Question 2

What happened to most sharecroppers once they borrowed goods on a crop lien?

Answer 2

c. They ended up in a cycle of debt.

Question 3

Supreme Court decisions in the years following the Civil War largely

Answer 3

c. undermined Reconstruction.

Question 4

The election controversy ended with the Compromise of 1877, in which

Answer 4

b. southern Democrats accepted a Republican president in exchange for federal subsidies and the removal of federal troops from the South.

Question 5

What was the goal of the Wade-Davis bill?

Answer 5

a. To guarantee freedmen equal protection before the law

Question 6

Why did many slaves travel immediately after gaining freedom?

Answer 6

d. They wanted to reunite their families.

Question 7

Why did President Johnson’s quick reconstruction of ex-Confederate states shock reformers?

Answer 7

b. He had long expressed a desire to destroy the southern planter aristocracy.

Question 8

Abraham Lincoln’s and Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plans shared an emphasis on

Answer 8

d. ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 9

According to the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867, what did a state have to do before gaining readmission to Congress?

Answer 9

b. Write a new constitution that guaranteed black suffrage

Question 10

What was the real result of the Fifteenth Amendment?

Answer 10

b. It was undermined by literacy and property qualifications in southern states.

Question 11

How influential were African American politicians during the period southern whites derisively called “Negro domination?”

Answer 11

a. Only six percent of southerners in Congress during Reconstruction were black.

Question 12

Why did African Americans prefer sharecropping to wage labor?

Answer 12

d. Sharecropping freed blacks from the day-to-day supervision of whites.

Question 13

Which statement describes the U.S. government’s Indian policy during the middle of the nineteenth century?

Answer 13

c. The government pushed Indians off their lands and into reservations.

Question 14

Which of the following describes how life in the agrarian West compared to life in the mining West?

Answer 14

c. Equally exploitative

Question 15

How did the landscape of the trans-Mississippi West change between 1870 and 1900?

Answer 15

d. Family farms gave way to commercial farming.

Question 16

What did the state and federal governments do to encourage railroad construction in the decades after the Civil War?

Answer 16

a. They gave railroad companies 180 million acres of public land.

Question 17

Why did the Plains Indians sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which ceded some of their land to allow the passage of wagon trains?

Answer 17

d. They hoped to preserve their culture in the face of white onslaught.

Question 18

Which statement describes life on the Indian reservations?

Answer 18

b. Poverty and starvation stalked Indian reservations.

Question 19

What occurred under the “outing system” of the 1880s?

Answer 19

b. Indian children were forced to live with white families over summer vacation.

Question 20

What was the outcome of the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887?

Answer 20

b. Division of reservations and allotment of individual plots of land to Native Americans

Question 21

What was the Ghost Dance?

Answer 21

a. A religious ritual that was supposed to lead to the destruction of whites and the return of the buffalo.

Question 22

What was the easiest way to get rich in the American silver mining industry?

Answer 22

d. Selling claims to land or forming mining companies and selling stock

Question 23

What impact did the discovery of precious metals on the Comstock have for Native Americans?

Answer 23

b. Destruction of their land

Question 24

Which of the following describes the changes experienced by the Californios between 1850 and 1880?

Answer 24

c. Their percentage of the state’s population fell by more than 60 percent.

Question 25

Which big businesses came to dominate American life in the second half of the nineteenth century?

Answer 25

c. Railroading

Question 26

The tariff posed a threat to America’s prosperity in the 1880s because

Answer 26

c. it created a surplus that was not used to produce goods and services.

Question 27

The Supreme Court’s decision in Wabash v. Illinois (1886), which reversed its ruling in Munn v. Illinois (1877),

Answer 27

d. led to passage of the first federal law regulating the railroad industry.

Question 28

President Grover Cleveland hoped to increase the nation’s flagging gold reserves during the economic depression in the winter of 1894–95

Answer 28

d. through making a deal with a private group of bankers who would buy government bonds with gold.

Question 29

hat was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 29

d. It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer.

Question 30

The turn of the twentieth century saw individual entrepreneurship in the United States yield to

Answer 30

c. finance capitalism.

Question 31

How did Morgan achieve his stunning reorganization and consolidation of businesses in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 31

d. He sometimes formed a community of interest comprised of a handful of directors.

Question 32

The economic theory of laissez-faire gained political clout in the late nineteenth century because

Answer 32

a. the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to protect business.

Question 33

What was evident in the call for a New South in the decades after Reconstruction?

Answer 33

a. The desire among some southerners to shift to an industrial economy

Question 34

How did American women respond to the denial of their right to vote in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 34

c. They participated in the political process though the antilynching, suffrage, and temperance movements.

Question 35

President James A. Garfield unwittingly helped the cause of civil service reform when he

Answer 35

b. was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker.

Question 36

The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission and

Answer 36

d. made it impossible to remove people in civil service jobs for political reasons.

Question 37

Which factor contributed significantly to the astonishing growth in America’s urban population between 1870 and 1900?

Answer 37

b. The migration of people from the rural areas of Europe and the United States

Question 38

What did Coney Island symbolize in the late 1800s?

Answer 38

d. The rise of mass entertainment in America

Question 39

New York City’s Central Park was planned to provide

Answer 39

c. a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city.

Question 40

Which statement describes late-nineteenth-century American libraries?

Answer 40

a. They made up the most extensive free public-library system in the world.

Question 41

What circumstances enabled U.S. industrialists to hire cheap labor from around the world in the 1870s?

Answer 41

d. Railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America.

Question 42

How did most new women immigrants come to the United States in the late-nineteenth century?

Answer 42

a. As wives, mothers, or daughters

Question 43

Employers sought to limit the control of skilled workers on the shop floor in the late nineteenth century

Answer 43

b. by replacing people with machines.

Question 44

Throughout much of the nineteenth century, middle-class American women were confined by a cultural ideology that dictated that they

Answer 44

c. exist within the private sphere of the household.

Question 45

What issues formed the basis of farmers’ dissatisfaction in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 45

a. Banking, railroading, and speculation

Question 46

What made America’s foreign policy paradoxical in 1900?

Answer 46

a. The country wanted to keep the Western Hemisphere closed to outside influences yet also desired access to Asia.

Question 47

How did the federal government respond when American sugar interests requested that the United States annex Hawai’i in 1893?

Answer 47

b. President Grover Cleveland withdrew the annexation request from Congress when he learned that Hawaiians opposed it.

Question 48

What were the chief priorities of American diplomacy at the end of the nineteenth century?

Answer 48

c. The protection of the Monroe Doctrine and Open Door Policy from German and Japanese expansion into the Pacific and Asia

Question 49

The Farmers’ Alliance movement of the 1880s aimed to help farmers

Answer 49

a. by sponsoring cooperatives that would give them greater economic independence.

Question 50

How did the Populists propose to help American farmers in the 1890s?

Answer 50

c. They recommended creating a government-sponsored subtreasury.

Question 51

what sparked the Homestead lockout and the ensuing strike in 1892?

Answer 51

a. Workers demanded higher wages, shorter days, sick pay, and safer working conditions.

Question 52

What was the outcome of the four-and-a-half-month-long strike at the Homestead mill?

Answer 52

c. The strikers returned to work minus their union leaders.

Question 53

Why did the American temperance movement attract women in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 53

c. Drunkenness adversely affected women in many ways.

Question 54

After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the organization’s focus gradually changed to include

Answer 54

b. social action, labor conditions, and women’s voting rights.

Question 55

What was one outcome of the depression of 1893 in the United States?

Answer 55

d. It put nearly half of the labor force out of work.

Question 56

What factor posed a major obstacle to the alignment of the Populists and Democrats in the election of 1896?

Answer 56

b. William Jennings Bryan’s running mate, Arthur Sewall