Midterm - Canadian Families

Question 1

Glossary of terms related to immigrants (6)

Answer 1

• Refugee : Forced to flee due to persecution (war, orientation, etc)
• Newcomer (immigrant) : Permanently settled in Canada
• Permanent resident (landed immigrant) : Refugee status to permanent resident
• Migrant : Outside their country of birth
• Alien : Dehumanizing term
• Migrant Workers : Worker on a farm, power dynamics and potential abuse in agriculture

Question 2

Define race, ethnicity, visible minority/Racialized peoples, and Indigenous Peoples

Answer 2

• Race : Classification based on physical traits (ex. skin colour)
• Ethnicity : Common cultural heritage (more complex in multicultural Canada)
• Visible Minority/Racialized Peoples : Groups other than Indigenous Peoples
• Indigenous Peoples : First Nations, Inuit, or Métis

Question 3

Name 3 Canadian Population Trends

Answer 3

• Increasing diversity : by 2031 25% will be foreign-born and 30% racialized
• Indigenous population growing 6x faster and is younger
• More Canadians report mixed ethnic backgrounds (challenges : cultural traditions and prejudice)

Question 4

Explain what is prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes

Answer 4

• Prejudice : Negative attitudes toward a group
• Discrimination : Unfair treatment (ex. direct race based refusal, indirect microagressions)
• Stereotypes : Both negative and positive can be harmful

Question 5

What are the 4 reasons for Immigration in Canada?

Answer 5

• Need for labour : mining, railroads, farming
• Humanitarian Motives : historical and current refugee acceptance
• 1976 Immigration Act : four immigrant classes (family, economic, refugee, other)
• Citizenship Act (2009) : limits citizenship to one generation born outside Canada

Question 6

Define the four acculturation strategies & barriers

Answer 6

• Integration : bicultural (ex. Polish-Canadian)
• Assimilation : reject heritage (ex. choosing own marriage partner)
• Separation : emphasizing cultural identity (ex. post 9-11 Muslim identity)
• Marginalization : rejecting both cultures (leads to dysfunctional behaviours)

Question 7

Understanding Immigrant Families Globally (how they adjust) (3)

Answer 7

• Acculturation : Psychosocial adjustment varies based on cultural similarity/difference
• Parental Stress : Economic stress linked to lower adolescent achievement
• Parenting : Differences in consistency and warmth impact adolescent mental health