MIDTERM Budget class Flashcards
An ad valorem tax (Latin for “according to value”) is?
a tax based on the value of real estate or personal property
A per unit tax, or specific tax, is what kind of Tax?
A per unit tax, or specific tax, is a tax that is defined as a fixed amount for each unit of a good or service sold, such as cents per kilogram
Sumptuary laws are laws that
attempt to regulate permitted consumption. Black’s Law Dictionary defines them as “Laws made for the purpose of restraining luxury or extravagance, particularly against inordinate expenditures in the matter of apparel, food, furniture, etc
What is a selective tax?
In the context of sales and use taxes, these are sales taxes confined to a particular commodity or a limited number of commodities, as distinguished from general sales taxes which apply to goods or commodities in general
What are some examples of selective taxes?
sales tax imposed on cigarettes and tobacco products and gasoline and other petroleum products are selective taxes.
Benefit based taxes
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Lotteries
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Workflow Analysis
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A study of the way work (inputs, activities, and outputs) moves through an organization
Inputs
People
Materials
Equipment
Activities
Tasks and Jobs
Outputs
Goods and Services
Job redesign
Job redesign (Page 119)- Taking an existing job and changing it to improve it.
Job design-
Organizing task, duties, responsibilities, and other elements into a productive unit of work
Person-Job Fit-
(Page 121)- Matching characteristics of people with characteristics of jobs.
Need Theory- Developed by Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy
1-Physiological needs 2- Safety and security needs 3- Belonging and love needs 4- Esteem needs 5- Self-actualization needs
In Public Sector ______ is key. In Private Sector _______ is key
In Public Sector morale is key. In Private Sector satisfaction is key
Effort Performance Expectation
Perception that more effort will lead to higher performance
Performance reward linkage
Perception that the level of performance achieved will lead to the desired outcomes or rewards
Value of rewards
refers to how valuable the rewards are to the employee. one determinant of employees willingness to exert effort is the degree to which they value the reward offered by the organization
What is an apportionment
An apportionment is an OMB-approved plan to use budgetary resources. It typically limits the obligations you may incur for specified time periods, programs, activities, projects, objects, or any combination thereof.
What is Impoundment?
Impoundment is an act by a Chief executive of not spending money that has been appropriated by the U.S. Congress
Allotment.
An authorization by the head (or other authorized employee) of an agency to subordinate organizations to incur obligations within a specified amount
pre-audit
Before an expenditure is made, a form of pre-audit is conducted. It ensures the funds are committed only for approved purchases and that the agency has sufficient resources in its budget to meet the proposed expenditure
Audit and Execution. (Evaluation)
The final phase of the budget process. The main goal was to guarantee executive compliance with provisions of appropriations bills, particularly to ensure honesty in dispensing public monies.
Who does the I.G. report to?
The Head of the Agency and the Legislative Branch
The Government Accountability Office (G.A.O.)
(GAO) is an independent agency which provides to the United States Congress audit, evaluation, and investigative services. As such it is part of the legislative branch of the United States government.
An inspector general is a what?
An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is “inspectors general”.In the United States, an inspector general leads an organization charged with examining the actions of a government agency, military organization, or military contractor as a general auditor of their operations
House Resolutions
don’t know
