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212 > Midterm | AEC & Image Evaluation > Flashcards

Midterm | AEC & Image Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

System used to consistently control the amount of radiation reaching the IR by terminating the length of exposure

A

Automatic exposure control (AEC)/ Automatic exposure detector

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2
Q

Two types of AEC systems (Radiation Detectors)

A
  1. Phototimers
  2. Ionization chambers
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3
Q

Use a fluorescent (light-producing) screen and a device that converts light into electricity.

A

Phototimers

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4
Q

An electronic device that converts visible light energy into electrical energy.

A

Photomultiplier tube

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5
Q

A solid-state device that converts visible light energy into electrical energy.

A

Photodiode

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6
Q

Phototimer AEC devices are considered as (1) devices because the detectors are positioned (2)

A
  1. exit-type
  2. behind the IR
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7
Q

Phototimer Mechanism

A
  1. Radiation interaction
  2. Light detection
  3. Signal generation
  4. Exposure control

Rad Light Si Ex

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8
Q

A hollow cell that contains air and is connected to the timer circuit via an electrical wire.

A

Ionization Chamber Systems

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9
Q

Ionization chamber AEC devices are considered to be (1) devices because the detectors are positioned (2)

A
  1. entrance-type
  2. in front of the IR
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10
Q

Ionization Chamber Systems aka

A

Cutie Pie Chamber Mechanism

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11
Q

Cutie Pie Chamber Mechanism

A
  1. Radiation interaction
  2. Ionization process
  3. Collection of charge
  4. Current generation
  5. Signal processing

RadIon CoCuSi

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12
Q

Where the actual amount of mAs used for that image is displayed immediately after the exposure, sometimes for only a few seconds.

A

mAs readout

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13
Q

AEC controls only the (1) of radiation reaching the IR and has no effect on other image characteristics such as (2)

A
  1. quantity
  2. contrast
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14
Q

Increasing the mA — exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure

A

decreases

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15
Q

Maximum length of time for which the x-ray exposure will continue when using an AEC system.

A

Backup time

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16
Q

Serves as a safety mechanism when AEC is not used properly or is not functioning properly

A

Backup time

17
Q

Provides a numerical value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital IR

A

Exposure indicator

18
Q

Fuji and Konica

Exposure Indicator
Value= 1mR exposure
2x Exposure
1/2 Exposure

A

Exposure Indicator: Sensitivity (S)
Value= 1mR exposure: 200
2x Exposure: 100
1/2 Exposure: 400

19
Q

Caresteam (Kodak)

Exposure Indicator
Value= 1mR exposure
2x Exposure
1/2 Exposure

A

Exposure Indicator: Exposure index (EI)
Value= 1mR exposure: 2000
2x Exposure: 2300
1/2 Exposure: 1700

20
Q

Agfa

Exposure Indicator
Value= 1mR exposure
2x Exposure
1/2 Exposure

A

Exposure Indicator: log median value (lgM)
Value= 1mR exposure: 2.5
2x Exposure: 2.8
1/2 Exposure: 2.2

21
Q

Term used in both digital and film-screen imaging to describe the variations in brightness and density.

A

Radiographic contrast or image contrast

22
Q

In digital imaging, the number of different shades of gray that can be stored and displayed by a computer system is termed —

A

gray scale

23
Q

The quality of a radiographic image depends on both the (1) and the (2) of the anatomic structural lines recorded (sharpness).

A
  1. visibility
  2. accuracy
24
Q

The ability of a radiographic image to demonstrate sharp lines determines its quality

A

Spatial Resolution or Recorded Detail

25
Q

Results from the radiographic misrepresentation of either the size (magnification) or the shape of the anatomic part.

A

Distortion

26
Q

When the part is distorted, — is also reduced.

A

spatial resolution or recorded detail

27
Q

Play important roles in minimizing the size distortion of the radiographic image

28
Q

Shape distortion can radiographically appear in two different ways:

A

Elongation or foreshortening

29
Q

Any misalignment of the central ray among these three factors alters the shape of the part recorded on the image

A

tube, part, or IR

30
Q

Any unwanted image on a radiograph

31
Q

Artifacts are detrimental to radiographs because they can make the visibility of (1), (2), or (3) difficult or impossible

A
  1. anatomy
  2. pathologic conditions
  3. patient identification information
32
Q

Digital artifacts may be classified as (1) (CR plate, TFT array), occurring during (2) prior to the ADC or during the ADC process and subsequent (3) performed by the computer up to the point of (4).

A
  1. detectors
  2. image data extraction
  3. signal processing
  4. image display

212 (8 decks)

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