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My Foundations 2 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

tunica intima layer synthesizes: VATTT-NP

A
  • von Willebrand factor (vWF)
  • ADP
  • Tissue factor
  • Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
  • Thromboxane A2
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Prostacyclin
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2
Q

Necessary cofactor for adherence of platelets to the subendothelial layer

A

Von Willebrand factor

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3
Q

Activates the clotting cascade pathway when injury to the vessel occurs

A

Tissue factor

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4
Q

Control blood flow by vasoconstriction

A
  • Thromboxane A2

- Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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5
Q

Control blood flow by vasodilation

A
  • Nitric oxide

- Prostacyclin

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6
Q

Suppress activation of coagulation system

A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

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7
Q

potent and important stimulus for platelet attachment

A

Collagen

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8
Q

facilitates anchoring of fibrin during formation of hemostatic plug

A

Fibronectin

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9
Q

Formed in the bone marrow? daily use, survival?

A

Pletelets

7,000/day

8-12 days

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10
Q

Adequate hemostasis is not possible in the absence of activated _______.

A

platelets

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11
Q

Vessel Injury and Clot Formation sequence

A
  • Disruption of endothelial lining
  • Vessel wall contraction - Immediate
  • ANS reflex
  • Thromboxane A2
  • ADP
  • Adhesion-
  • Activation- > formation of primary plug
  • Aggregation-
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12
Q

Adhesion - Formation of the Primary Plug

A
  1. vWF mobilizes from the endothelial cells
  2. Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) receptors emerge from the surface of the platelet
  3. GpIb attaches to vWF and attracts additional platelets to the endothelial lining
  4. vWF makes platelets “sticky” and allows them to adhere to site of injury
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13
Q

______________ causes the platelet to undergo a conformational change and become “activated”.

A

Tissue factor

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14
Q

factors that don’t come from the liver (4)

A

tissue factor (III)
calcium (IV)
thromboplastin (XI)
Von willebrand (vWF)

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15
Q

factors that are vitamin K dependent (4)

A

Prothrombin (II)
Proconvertin (VII)
Christmas (IX)
Stuart Prower (X)

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16
Q

factor that forms a clot

A

fibrinogen (I)

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17
Q

Prothrombin activates (6):

A

I, V, VII, XIII, platelets, protein C

II

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18
Q

Cofactor of VII (2)

A 
Tissue factor (III)
Thromboplastin
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19
Q

Factor Promotes clotting reactions

A

calcium (IV)

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20
Q

Cofactor X, forms a prothrombinase complex

A

Proaccelerin (V)

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21
Q

Factor thats unassigned

A

VI

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22
Q

Proconvertin (VII) activates?

A

IX and X

VII

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23
Q

Cofactor to IX

A

Antihemophiliac (VIII)

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24
Q

Factor that activates X

A

Christmas (IX)

25
Q

Activates II, forms a prothrombinase complex with V

A

Stuart-Prower (X)

26
Q

factor that Activates IX

A

Plasma (XI)

-thromboplastin and antecedent

27
Q

factor that activates XI

A

Hageman (XII)

28
Q

factor that crosslinks fibrin

A

fibrin stabilizing (XIII)

29
Q

Factor that activates XII, Cleaves HMWK (not a number factor)

A

Fletcher (Prekalikrein)

30
Q

factor that supports activation of prekalikrein, XI, XII (not a number factor)

A

Contact activation factor (High-molecular-weight kininogen) (HMWK)

31
Q

What factors make up extrinsic pathway (2)

A

III - Tisssue factor (thromboplastin)

VII

32
Q

Mneumonic for Factors

A

First Person Told Cancer Leads Sickness, Another Chap Said Protein High Fat

Factor I: Fibrinogen (First)
Factor II: Prothrombin (Person)
Factor III: Tissue thromboplastin or Tissue factor (Told)
Factor IV: Calcium (Cancer)
Factor V: Labile factor (Leads), Proaccelerin
Factor VI: NOT COUNTED
Factor VII: Stable factor (Sickness), Proconvertin
Factor VIII: Anti-hemophilic factor A (Another)
Factor IX: Christmas factor (Chap), Anti-hemophilic factor B
Factor X: Stuart power factor (Said), Autoprothrombin III
Factor XI: Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent or PTA (Protein)
Factor XII: Hageman factor (High), Glass or contact factor
Factor XIII: Fibrin stabilizing factor or Fibrinase (Fat)

33
Q

Initiated when damage occurs to blood vessel itself. Initiated by?

A

intrinsic pathway

prekallikrein and HMWK

34
Q

What factors make up intrinsic pathway (4)

A

Factor VIII
Factor IX
Factor XI
Factor XII

35
Q

Which pathway dependant upon calcium?

A

Common pathway

36
Q

3 G’s of herbal meds that interfere with coagulation

A

Ginger
Garlic
Ginko

37
Q

Hemophilia type A factor, Type B factor?

A

VIII

IX

38
Q

Formation of, and activation of what in common pathway?

A

Formation of:
-Xv complex (prothrombinase)

Activation of:

  • I
  • II
  • XIII
39
Q

____________ together with _______________________ secure the initial clot as a stable secondary plug and bleeding stops.

A

Fibrin (Factor Ia)

Fibrin stabilizing factor (Factor XIII)

40
Q

Important step for both pathways

A

Conversion of Prothrombin to thrombin

41
Q

exists to degrade fibrin

A

Fibrinolytic system

42
Q

In the fibrinolytic system: _______, which first acted as a coagulant, now act as an anticoagulant and activates other anticoagulant mediators.

A

Thrombin

43
Q

Antithrombin III corrals which clotting factors?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

44
Q

Protein C and Protein S inhibit which factors in fibrinolytic system

A

III, V, VIII

45
Q

Degrades fibrin into fibrin degradation products

A

plasmin

46
Q

Measures platelet function

A

Bleeding time

47
Q

prolonged in intrinsic and common pathway disorders

A

PTT

48
Q

prolonged in extrinsic and common pathway disorders

A

PT

49
Q

measures global hemostasis

A

thromboelastogram

50
Q

Aspirin works on?

A

Thromboxane A2, inhibiting platelets

51
Q

clopidogrel works on?

A

ADP, inhibiting platelets

52
Q

thrombolytics work on?

A

plasmin

53
Q

FFP contains?

A

All factors

54
Q

Cryo contains?

A

I, VIII, XIII, vWF

55
Q

LMWH MOA

A

LMWH inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin III. Antithrombin III binds to and inhibits factor Xa. In doing so it prevents activation of the final common path; Xa inactivation means that prothrombin is not activated to thrombin, thereby not converting fibrinogen into fibrin for the formation of a clot

56
Q

Most common inherited coagulation disorder

A

vWF (synthesized in epithelial cells and megakaryocytes)

57
Q

vWF has two main functions:

A
  • Facilitate platelet adhesion

- Behave as a plasma carrier for factor VIII

58
Q

LMWH therapy who develops a decrease of greater than 50% in platelet count from baseline or total platelet count of less than 100,000 per mm3with normal baseline counts

A

HIT

59
Q

sickle cell disease management intra-op

A

includes providing adequate hydration, promotingadequate oxygen saturation, ensuring normothermia, maintaining acid-base balance, and providing proper patient positioning. Supplying adequate analgesia may interrupt intraoperative and postoperative sickle cell crisis.

My Foundations 2 (10 decks)

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