Quiz 7 Flashcards
Cardiovascular Changes in elderly
Decreased:
- Heart rate both rest and max
- Elasticity of arteries
- Adrenergic activity
- Baroreceptor response
Elevated:
- Afterload
- Systolic pressures
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
______ enlargement puts them at risk for SVT and very common A-fib
Atrial
Conduction system fibroses and loss of SA node cells increase chances of __________
arrythmias
Concentric heart
In the case of chronic pressure overload (as through anaerobic exercise, which increases resistance to blood flow by compressing arteries)
Circulation time will slow IV drugs but speeds induction with ______________
inhalation agents
two cardiovascular responses that are altered to blunted B-receptor response- ____________________ and ______________
decreased maximal heart rate
decreased peak EF
The elderly patient is more dependent on an increase in ________________ than an increase in heart rate to produce an increase in in C.O
end-diastolic volume
Respiratory changes
Decreased:
- elasticity of lungs
- alveolar surface area
- cough
- max breathing capacity
- Blunted response to hypercapnia and hypoxia
- Vital Capacity -25ml per year starting at age 20
- TLC
Increased:
- residual volume
- chest wall rigidity
- closing capacity and closing volume
- FRC
- Dead space
Vent/ Perf mismatch
Gastric changes
- Gastric pH rise
- Gastric emptying slows
- Some elderly patients have smaller stomach volumes than younger patients
Three things that put them at risk
- decreased metabolic rate
- decreased heat production
- deficient thermostat control
BUN gradually increases ____ mg/dl per year
0.2%
Most specific test of renal failure-
serum creatinine clearance (24hrs) to assess GFR
Very sensitive to __________ like _______________________
anticholinergics
scopolamine and atropine
___________ volume for water soluble can lead to _______ plasma concentrations
Reduced
higher
fat soluble drugs –with _________ volume of distribution, can ______ the plasma concentrations
increased
lower
