Midterm Flashcards
All pulmonary disease must do one or more of the follwoing
Increase lung density
Change in lung shape
Decrease lung density
With chest CT, structures are best seen when ___ to the beam. The major fissures are usually ____ on axial CT while the minor fissure is ____?
Perpendicular
Visible
Not visible
The fissures visible on the lateral view
Minor
Superior accessory
Right oblique
Which plain film view would show the left lung to better visualize a questionable density
RAO (after apical lordotic)
Silhouettes pulmonary artery
Anterior segment 2
Which is the foundational building block for the pathological process of air space consolidation
Acinus
Primary lobule
Distal to teh last resp
Plain film chest finding suspicious for small pulmonary apical neoplasm would be confirmed initially by
Apical lordotic
The normal relationship of the pulmonary blood vessels in the recumbant position
Upper and lower lung blood vessels of equal size
The chest series is always performed ____ in conscious patients
In the upright position
When a hilus is enlarged unilaterally, the most likely anatomy generating the mass
Bronchus
Segments 1 and 3 are the same in both the right and left lung
False
Suspected small pneumotheorax (air in the pleural space) on a full inspiration PA chest
Lateral decubitus with involved side up
Which of the following is characteristic of the chest series
72 inch FFD
Which of the following distinguishes the chest x-ray from a thoracic spine radiograph
100kVp
Secondary lobule
3,4 or.5 acini
Extremely rare fissure in the left lung
Accessory left minor fissure
Secondary lobule
Thickening produces kerley’s lines
Which pulmonary disease process by definition must produce heterogenous density increase
Interstitial disease
Which of the following is considered optional for film identificatoin
Film number
The silhouette sign
Helps diagnose and localize lung lesions
The silhouette sign can be used to distinguish a pulmonary….
True
Pulmonary consolidation in this segment could cause a silhouette sign with the ascending aorta
RUL #2
Silhouette sign with the upper descending thoracic aorta created by
LLL #6
Segments 9 and 10 are combined segments in the left lung
False - 7/8 anterio-medial basilar segment
The upper left heart border silhouette sign may be produced by
LUL #4 pneumonia
Cortical lung
Devoid of vidible vasculature
Silhouette sign with the aortic knob created by
LUL #1-3
Which of the following anatomical structures does not contribute to teh frontal view cardia
Right ventricle
Segment 2 is the same in both right and left lung
True
All authors consider segments 7 and 8 to be the same in the right and left lung
False
The superior accessory fissue
Splits LLL segment #6 from segments 1 and 2
Left accessory fissure
Separates segments 2 and 4
Pulmonary arteries
Upper to lower lung ratio 1-1 in recurrent…
Inferior vena cava
Found at posterior cardiophrenic angle
Most common cause for unilateral hyperlucent lung
Absence of chest wall tissue
Segments of the right upper lobe include all of the follwoing except
Lateral segment
Includes apical, anterior, posterior
In class we discussed an alternate, more standardized method of laterality labeling of oblique films from what you were taught in positioning class
Label laterality of the patient
The inferior accessory fissure
Visible only on the frontal view
The only fissures visible on the frontal and lateral views are
Minor fissure
Superior accessory fissure
This imaging ____ is no longer used and has been replaced with ____
Bronchography
Chest CT
___ is associated with air replacement and ___ is associated with air removal
Consolidation
Atelectasis
Left atrium
Most posterior cardiac chamber
Right ventricle
Immediately posterior to lower stem bronchi
The simplified form of patient positioning for x-rays that we discussed in class includesq
Align central ray to fixed….
The radiographic dividing line between the anterior and the middle mediastinum radiographically is
Anterior trachea posterior pericardium
Direct airway anastomosis
Interbronchial connection
Pores of kohn
Interalveolar commun
Which structures at the pulmonary hilus are not visible as individual structures
Lymph nodes, nerve, and pulmonary veins
Lateral decubitus
Requires special x-ray machine to produce
Which of the following is not a characteristic of proper chest exposure on the frontal view
Osseous detail through the mid and lower mediastinum
Left hilar masses may impact all of the following nerves except
Sympathetic chain
Impacts phrenic, recurrent laryngeal, vagus
Which segment would not produce a lower right lateral chest wall silhouette sign
RLL #10
Canals of lambert
Bronchi to alveoli
Acinus
Distal to one terminal
Segments 4 and 5 are the same in both the right and left lung T/F
False
Scan does not adequately image the lungs
Chest MRI
Regarding the trachea
Is in intimate contact with….
Understanding lymphatic drainage of the lung helps to explain all of the following except
How consolidation spreads…
Which two fissures are horizontally oriented
Superior accessory fissure
Accessory left minor fissure
Nuclear medicine scan of the heart
Thallium scan
