Midterm (61 - 80)

Question 1

power law distribution

Answer 1

a small number of nodes have unproportionally more nodes than the rest of the nodes; scale-free networks

Question 2

hubs

Answer 2

nodes with very large number of connections

Question 3

directed associative network

Answer 3

all edges are directed (have arrows)

Question 4

undirected associative network

Answer 4

all edges are undirected (no arrows)

Question 5

incremental processing

Answer 5

people parse incrementally

Question 6

minimal attachment

Answer 6

build the structure with the fewest nodes possible

Question 7

late closure

Answer 7

attach the material to the currently built clause/phrase

Question 8

structural ambiguity

Answer 8

a sentence that is grammatically ambiguous

Question 9

global ambiguity

Answer 9

sentence has at least two distinct interpretations; after reading entire sentence ambiguity is still present

Question 10

local ambiguity

Answer 10

sentence contains ambiguous phrase but has only one interpretation

Question 11

garden path

Answer 11

sentence is locally ambiguous in which dispreferred interpretation turns out to be the correct one; “the horse raced past the barn fell”

Question 12

thematic fit

Answer 12

extent to which an argument fulfills the selectional preference of a verb given a role

Question 13

lexical bias effect

Answer 13

tendency for phonological substitution errors to result in existing words at a rate higher than would be predicted by chance

Question 14

attachment (NP, VP)

Answer 14

attaching a syntactic phrase to another phrase, follow principles of minimal attachment and late closure

Question 15

self-paced reading

Answer 15

people read sentence one word at a time in their own pace; timing how long for every word

Question 16

false - belief task

Answer 16

Sally Anne test; participant is shown story involving Sally and Anne; where will sally look for her ball? children usually fail (they say basket)

Question 17

theory of mind

Answer 17

capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them

Question 18

false belief

Answer 18

the understanding that other people can believe things which are not true

Question 19

implicatures

Answer 19

something speaker suggests or implies with an utterance even though it is not literally expressed

Question 20

Grice’ s conversational maxims

Answer 20

1. quantity
2. quality
3. relation
4. manner