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Art History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

content

A

Subject matter and underlying meanings or themes - the “what”

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2
Q

form (formal properties)

A

The visual elements and the medium - the “how”

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3
Q

style

A

Characteristic methods of expression - the “what” + the “how” + the time period

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4
Q

fete galante

A

A type of painting depicting French aristocrats entertaining themselves outdoors. I.e. The Swing by Jean-Honore Fragonard

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5
Q

Rococo characteristics (form)

A
  • Patel colors
  • curvilinear, organic (shapes that come from nature)
  • swirls and she’ll forms in decorative arts
  • intimate scale painting (small scale)
  • soft, feathery, loose brushstrokes
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6
Q

Rococo content

A
  • erotic, lighthearted subject matter

- mythological subject matter

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7
Q

Hierarchy of genres

A
  1. History painting (story painting)
  2. Portraiture
  3. Genre painting
  4. Landscape
  5. Still life
    * Fete galante falls in between genre painting and landscape
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8
Q

The swing

A
  1. Title: The Swing
  2. Artist: Jean-Honore Fragonard
  3. “Style”/category: Rococo
  4. Medium: Oil on canvas
  5. Date range: 1767, mid 1700’s
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9
Q

Academy

A

An institution that trained artists in a traditional style of drawing and painting with a focus on anatomy and drawing from live models

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10
Q

Salon

A

Annual exhibition of academic paintings

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11
Q

History painting

A

Large scale painting depicting a mythological scene, biblical scene or historical event

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12
Q

Oath of the Horatii

A
  1. Title: Oath of the Horatii
  2. Artist: Jacques-Louis David
  3. Style: Neoclassical
  4. Medium: oil on canvas
  5. Date range: late 1700’s
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13
Q

Neoclassicism content

A

Liberty, civic virtue, morality and sacrifice

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14
Q

Neoclassicism form

A
  • emphasis on drawing (design or disegno)
  • symmetry and balance
  • classical proportions, idealization
  • linear perspective
  • Meticulous handling of paint (artist trying to hide brushstrokes)
  • high chroma (intense colors)
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15
Q

Neoclassicism context

A

Pompeii and Herculaneum

  • renewed interest in antiquity unearthed Greek and Roman works of art
  • grand tour
  • French revolution: downfall of absolute monarchies and declining power of the church
  • re-establishment of republics and democracies
  • enlightenment + antiquity = “double dose” of rationality and logic
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16
Q

Orientalism

A

In art, stereotypical/fictional depictions of Eastern cultures by Western artists that help justify Western domination over the “Orient”

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17
Q

Grand Odalisque

A 
Title: Grand Odalisque
Artist: J.A.D. Ingres
Style: Orientalism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1814
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18
Q

Neoclassicism in Napoleonic France

A
  • 1789 French revolution
  • 1804 Napoleon crowned emperor
  • recalled grandeur of the Great Roman Empire
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19
Q

Orientalism context and content

A
  • Edward Said, “as a Western style of dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the orient”
  • sensuality, mystery, cruelty
  • Voyeurism
  • absence of the westerner
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20
Q

Third of May, 1808

A 
Title: Third of May, 1808
Artist: Francisco Goya
Style: Romanticism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1814
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21
Q

Romanticism

A
  • Expressed personal melancholy emotions
  • Rejected reason (reaction against the enlightenment)
  • The revolutionary in politics
  • antihero
  • contemporary events
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22
Q

P in PINE

A
  • Past, longing for the medieval past
  • Pre-industrial
  • Shakespeare and Dante
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23
Q

I in PINE

A
  • Irrational/Inner mind/Insanity

- Depicts the human psyche and topics that transcend the use of reason

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24
Q

N in PINE

A
  • Nature-longing for the purity of nature, which defies human rationality
  • The Sublime-overwhelming emotion that makes you feel as if you are nothing compared to the world around you
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25
Q

E in PINE

A

Emotion/Exotic-favored emotion and passion over reason

-Exotic themes and locales did not adhere to European emphasis on rationality (Orientalism)

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26
Q

Spanish Romanticism

A

Francisco Goya

  • Drama,action color
  • rejects Academic painting (loose brushstrokes)
  • revolutionary in politics
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27
Q

avant-garde

A

an innovative group of artists who generally reject traditional approaches in favor of a more experimental techniques

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28
Q

Raft of the Medusa

A 
Title: Raft of the Medusa
Artist: Theodore Gericault
Style: Romanticism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date Range: 1818-1819, early 1800's
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29
Q

Liberty Leading the People

A 
Title: Liberty Leading the People
Artist: Eugene Delacroix
Style: Romanticism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date Range: 1830, early 1800's
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30
Q

School

A

a group of artists who share the same philosophy, work around the same time, but not necessarily together.

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31
Q

The sublime

A

Any cathartic experience that cause the viewer to marvel in awe, wonder, or passion

32
Q

The Slave Ship

A 
Title: The Slave Ship
Artist: JMW Turner
Style: Romanticism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date Range: 1840, early 1800's
33
Q

Why is Goya’s Third of May, 1808 considered modern art?

A

He is depicting a contemporary event

34
Q

Raft of the Medusa info.

A
  • Shipwrecked vessel, Medusa, off Africa coast in 1816
  • Raft with 150 people for two weeks- only 15 survived
  • Rescued by Argus
  • Depiction of the anti-hero-person of color is the hero
  • an “X” and triangles in the composition
  • shown at the salon for everyone to see
35
Q

Liberty Leading the People info

A
  • July revolution of 1830
  • Charles X tried to abolish freedom of press
  • Shows people trying to capture town hall
  • Church of Notre Dame in the background, similar to Third of May, 1808 (convent in the background)
  • anti-hero
  • triangle in the composition
  • Depiction of nature is the people rushing forward
36
Q

Still Life in Studio

A 
Title: Still Life in Studio
Artist: Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre
Style: Modernist Art
Medium: Daguerreotype
Date Range: 1837
37
Q

Luncheon on the Grass

A 
Title: Luncheon on the Grass
Artist: Edouard Manet
Style: Realism
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Date Range: 1863
38
Q

Romantic landscape painting

A
  • independent and respected genre in Germany, England, and the U.S.
  • the sublime in nature
  • Hudson River School in the U.S.
39
Q

How is daguerreotype similar to painting?

A

There is only one of its kind

40
Q

Characteristics of Modernist Art

A
  • Depict ideas and images of their time
  • critical reflection on art and aesthetics
  • open acknowledgement of the illusions and artifices of art
  • increasing independence from official exhibitions like the salon
  • from around the 1860’s onward
41
Q

Plein-air

A

painting in the outdoors to directly capture the effects of light and atmosphere on a given object

42
Q

Burial at Ornans

A 
Title: Burial at Ornans
Artist: Gustave Courbet
Style: Realism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1849
43
Q

Characteristics of Realism

A
  • disenchantment with Romanticism
  • creating art for art’s sake (for fun)
  • critical of new industrial way of life and greed of the wealthy
  • sympathy for the working class
  • desire to depict a truthful vision of modern life
  • influence of photography
44
Q

Influence of photography on realism

A

Artists begin to use more color and texture to compete with photography (b&w, flat)

45
Q

Burial at Ornans info

A
  • Ornans is Courbet’s hometown
  • the painting depicts an ordinary scene on a large canvas. The Academy was angry with Courbet because large canvases are reserved for epic paintings
  • Hole at the bottom of the painting makes the viewer part of the painting
  • composition-wave of people
46
Q

Salon de Refuse

A
  • in 1863, the Salon rejected many works of art

- alternate salon created for rejected works of art to be showcased

47
Q

Luncheon on the Grass Subject Matter

A
  • depicts a nude woman
  • the painting is controversial because the woman is a prostitute and does not have the ideal body type to be depicted nude
  • syphilis was going around at the time
  • woman is looking straight at the viewer confidently
48
Q

Luncheon on the Grass formal properties

A
  • loose brushstrokes
  • flat background
  • characters not painted to scale
49
Q

Impasto

A

thick applications of pigment that give a painting a palpable surface texture

50
Q

Impression:Sunrise

A 
Title: Impression: Sunrise
Artist: Claude Monet
Style: Impressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1872
51
Q

Impressionism’s key ideas

A
  • brushstrokes seek to capture the dappling effects of light across a given surface
  • interest in the transient, the quick and the fleeting
  • shadows contain color
  • times of day and seasons of the year affect appearance of objects
  • subtle harmonies and stark contrasts of brilliant hues
  • artists moved studios outdoor (invention of the aluminum tube)
  • influence of photography
52
Q

Japonisme

A
  • French interest in Japan and its arts was greatest in 1872 and coined “Japonisme”
  • interest in Japanese prints
  • simplicity
  • flatness (woodblock prints, broad areas of flat color)
  • decorative elements
53
Q

Le Moulin de la Galette

A 
Title: Le Moulin de la Galette
Artist: Pierre-August Renoir
Style: Impressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1876
54
Q

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

A 
Title: A Sunday on la Grande Jatte
Artist: Georges Seurat
Style: Post-impressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1884-1886
55
Q

Day of the Gods

A 
Title: Day of the Gods
Artist: Paul Gauguin
Style: Post-impressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1894
56
Q

Basket of Apples

A 
Title: Basket of Apples
Artist: Paul Cezanne
Style: Post-impressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1895
57
Q

Post-impressionism

A

-interest in light and color
-thick paint
-leisure subjects
influence of Japosnisme and photography
-reacted against what they saw as the ephemeral quality of impressionist painting, not interested in fleeting sensations of light and color
-preserve traditional picture making elements
-more distance (psychological) between subject and viewer

58
Q

Primitivism

A

the incorporation in early 20th c. western art of the stylistic elements from the artifacts of Africa, Oceania, and the indigenous people of the Americas

59
Q

Woman in the Hat

A 
Title: Woman in the Hat
Artist: Henri Matisse
Style: Fauvism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1905
60
Q

Improvisation 28

A 
Title: Improvisation 28
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
Style: German Expressionism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1912
61
Q

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

A 
Title: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Style: Cubism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1907
62
Q

Fauvism

A
  • Les fauves=the beasts
  • strong contrasting colors
  • spontaneous and rough
  • inspired by post-impressionists Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin
63
Q

German Expressionism

A
  • anti-impressionists
  • looking within themselves to get ideas, painting from their own emotions
  • emphasis on subjective emotions
  • symbolic color and exaggerated imagery
64
Q

Cubism

A
  • led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
  • cubists sought a new approach to space
  • African and Iberian indigenous art (primitivism)
65
Q

Characteristics of cubism

A
  • fragmented forms
  • depiction of multiple angles at once
  • simplified direction of objects
  • challenges viewers idea of reality and perception
66
Q

Analytical cubism

A
  • first phase of cubism
  • analyzed form from every possible vantage point
  • combined points into one picture
67
Q

Synthetic cubism

A
  • later phase
  • paintings and drawings constructed from objects and shapes cute from paper and other materials
  • breaking away from traditional oil on canvas
68
Q

ready-made

A

a commonplace utilitarian object selected and exhibited as a work of art

69
Q

Fountain

A 
Title: Fountain
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
Style: Dada
Medium: Readymade
Date range: 1917
70
Q

Dada

A
  • “Dada”=hobby horse. nonsensical
  • direct reaction to WWI
  • defied all of the past traditions (academic painting, oil on canvas)
  • showed their distrust of the modern world
  • anarchy
71
Q

Characteristics of Dada

A
  • sense of humor and satire
  • ideas about randomness and chance
  • innovative materials such as found in objects, photography and sound
  • new techniques such as collage, photomontage, and assemblage (sculpture)
72
Q

The Armory Show

A
  • international exhibition of modern art
  • cubism, German Expressionism
  • introduce America to current trends in European art
  • “cousins to anarchist”
  • “alien threat”
73
Q

The Persistence of Time

A 
Title: The Persistence of Time
Artist: Salvador Dali
Style: Surrealism
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date range: 1931
74
Q

Surrealism

A

-influenced by Dada
-Sigmund Freud-Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
-world of dreams and subconscious thought
reaction of WWI

75
Q

Characteristics of Surrealism

A
  • realistic style and dreamlike imagery
  • strange juxtapositions
  • use of automatism to tap into subconscious (without automatically without thinking)
  • provocative, often erotic imagery
  • puzzles, challenges, fascinates

Art History (9 decks)

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