Midterm Flashcards
Health Psychology
Looks at the interplay between psychology and physical health
- relationship between mind and body
Effects personality has on your health
Negative views of aging: 15 years
Positive views of again: 22 years
(7 year difference)
Biopsychosocial model
A new approach to disease outcomes
- takes biological, psychological,social factors into account
Trephination
Form of operation hole in skull
- Stone Age: evil spirits
Torture
You did something bad, you deserve it
- Middle Age: God’s punishment
Renaissance
Organ and cell pathology
- Leeches: blood letters
Mid 1700s
Capillary Tension
- First Discovery
1800s
Comfort
- Doctors didn’t do much
1900s
Biomedical model - All illness had a biomedical cause - All illness can be cured with the RIGHT drug Success: acute illness Failure: chronic illness
1960s+
Biopsychosocial model
Most common causes of death
Cardiovascular disease Cancers Strokes Unintentional disease Suicide - behaviors associated with these include: smoking, alcohol, fat
Why do we need biopsychosocial model
- Two people with the same issue may have different disease outcome
- Beliefs about illness matter
Stress
A negative emotion experience that are accompanied by cognitive, behavioral changes
4 types of stressors
- Physical: Heat, cold, pain, hunger
- Psychological: exams money
- Acute: immediate attention, don’t last long - physical
- Chronic: do not require immediate action, last long - psychological
Six key moments of stress
- Fight of flight
- General adaptation syndrome
- Stressful life events
- Stress appraisal
- Threat vs Challenge
- Tend and befriend
Hans Selye
Experienced on rats:
Enlarged adrenal glands
Shrunken lymph nodes
Bleeding ulcers
Autonomic Nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight - Parasympathetic nervous system
Calm
How does stress effect your body
Mobilizes energy Raises heart rate/blood pressure Slows digestion Blunts pain Speeds aging Suppresses immune system
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psycho: beliefs, thoughts, stress
Neuro: central and peripheral
Immune system: defends the body against infectious agents
2 types of immunity
Innate: first line of defense - Natural killer cells - Macrophage - Antigen presenting cells - The phils Eosinophils , Basophils, Neutrophils
Specific immunity: takes time acquired
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic killer T Cells
- B Cells
- Memory Cells
Taste Aversion
You avoid foods that make you sick
- conditioned nausea (Hans Seyle’s rats)
Immuno-suppressive drug
Suppresses your immune system
Proinflammatory Cytokines
- specific immunity: coordinates the function of other immune cells
- innate immunity: leads to inflammation (fever)
Coping
Cognitive, emotional, or emotional support to manage stressors
Emotion-focused
To reduce or manage the distress from the stressor
Problem focused
Efforts to solve or alter stressors
Active coping
Active efforts to do something about stressors
Avoidant coping
Denying or avoiding there is a stressor
4 types of social support
- Emotional support
- Belonging support
- Tangible support (loan)
- Informational support (advice)
3 aspects of social support
- Social integration
- Social network properties (quantity of friends)
- Function (perceived v. received)
Social isolation
Rejection leads to social pain, gets ill often
Consequences: mortality risk, mental health, physical health
How does marriage improve health?
Prevents social rejection and isolation
Leads to healthier behaviors
Factors that influence illness and adjustments
Having control over situation
Having perceived control over your situation
Writing about your issues
Bereavement
Especially the loss of one’s spouse leads to physical illness or maybe death
Kubler-Ross stages of grief
- Disbelief
- Yearning
- Anger
- Depression
- Acceptance
Things that don’t help bereaved people
Discouraging them from openly expressing themselves
Encouraging them to get on with things
Things that do help bereaved people
Regular contact
Just being there
Permitting them to talk about their feelings
