Final II Flashcards
Type A personality
- Aggressive and hostile
- Sense of competitiveness and ambition
- Exaggerated sense of time and urgencies, creates deadlines
Types A personality health study
Results: men are twice as likely to get and die from heart disease
Type A personality Stress response
Have a larger physiological stress response
- larger heart rate increase
- larger blood pressure increases
Optimism
Belief that one will generally experience good outcomes
Optimists and health study (law students)
Better immune function
Optimism and health: HIV Study
The more optimism levels increased:
- Improved medication adherence
- Fewer side effects
Name the two Implicit theories
Entity mindset and incremental mindset
Entity mindset
Fixed: the belief that human attributes are relatively static
Ex. Donald trump
Incremental mindset
Growth: the belief that human attributes can be cultivated
Ex. I think I can train
Neuroticism
Tendency to worry excessively over minor events and setbacks
- linked to depression
- may lead to poor health behaviors
- may lead to poor stress management
Conscientiousness
The tendency to be careful, deliberate, self disciplined, thorough, organized
Conscientiousness and health study
Kids with high IQs
- conscientiousness was the best predictor of longevity
- conscientious kids were less likely to die of non health behavior related illness
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Income education prestige of occupation
Oscar winners and health
Compared to academy award winners to other actors in same film
- winners lived 4 years longer than other actors
- multiple winners lived 6.5 years long
List of unhealthy race
African Americans
Minority groups BUT Asians
Acculturation
The process of cultural exchange resulting from intercultural contact (years in the US, english language proficiency, cultural transmutation)
- linked to worse stress
Culture
Culture is to society what memory is to individuals
Nociception
Receptors in central and peripheral that respond to stimuli
Mechanical (crushing)
Chemical (poison)
Thermal (burns)
Nociceptors are attached to what 2 fibers
A delta fibers: warning alarm to move
C fibers: signal an injury has occurred
Pain
A conscious experience
Suffering
An emotional response
- can happen in the absence of pain
- pain can happen without suffering
Gate control theory
Incorporates both the psychological and physiological side of pain
T or F: infants don’t feel pain
False
T or F: children don’t feel pain as intense as adults
False
T or F: opioids can be used safely to treat pain
True
T or F: Pain is a normal part of the aging process
FALSE
What helps with people cope with short term pain
Distraction
Social support
Placebo
Any medical procedure that produces an effect in a patient because of its therapeutic intent
How to test for placebo effects
Group one: real drugs
Group two: placebo
Placebo is better than no treatment
Skin rash study
Non poisonous group were told its poisonous: developed rash
Real poison group were told its non: no rash
Placebo acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome
Wait list subjects reported 28% pain relief
Sham acupuncture reported 44% pain relief
Placebo morphine with dental surgery
Iv drip of morphine
Iv drip of saline
Both groups reported high levels of pain relief
What determines if placebos work?
- How health care providers behave
- Characteristics of the patient
- Situational factors
- Social norms
How do placebos work
Decrease anxiety
endorphins release
classical conditioning
Expectations
Brain Imaging of placebo effect
Placebo responders had increased activity in opioid receptors
Nocebo effects
Inactive substance causes unpleasant effects
- pain
- hair loss
- nausea
- asthma
Features of a good doctor patient relationship
- Social qualities
- manners - Therapeutic
- trust, empathy - Appreciation of expertise
T or F: doctors underestimate the amount of information patients want
True
Doctors withhold information because they fear negative emotional reactions from the patient
Many facets of communication behavior
- Content: instrumental v affective
- Modality: verbal v nonverbal
- Privacy behavior
- Controlling
- Language: medical jargon v everyday terms
Monitors personality
Want to be aware of everything happening in the body
Blunders
Try to distract and blunt sensations rather than feel them
Happiness is related to:
Age
Happiness is not related to
Gender
ethnicity
Your physical appearance
Strategies to make the best of things:
PRP
Permission: to be human and fallible
Reconstruct: what went wrong and come up with useful lessons for the future
Perspective: this problem doesn’t matter too much
Kindness study
Subjects were happier when they spend money on others
Can happiness make you healthier
Maybe
Linked to longer lifespan in studies of healthy population
- reducing stress
- increase size of social network
