Midterm

Question 1

What is Top-Down processing?

Answer 1

Perception influenced by prior knowledge and expectations. “Seeing what you expect to see.”

Question 2

What is Bottom-Up Processing?

Answer 2

Senses detect stimuli in the environment and influences perception

Question 3

Primacy Effect

Answer 3

The tendency to have better memory for items at the beginning of a list.

Question 4

Recency Effect?

Answer 4

Tendency to have better memory or things at the end of a list.

Question 5

Patient H.M.?

Answer 5

His short term memory was intact but his Explicit Memory was impaired.

He could not remember facts and events but could learn new skills. (Implicit is intact)

Question 6

Types of Memory Errors

Answer 6

Encoding Errors
- first we must pay attention to it
The Misinformation Effect
- language can put encode mistaken memories
Flashbulb Memories
-Emotional memory that is extremely vivid but doesn’t last accurately

Question 7

Normative vs. Informational Influence

Answer 7

Normative
- peer pressure to gain acceptance
Informational
- accepting others opinion with the Desire to be correct

Question 8

Asch’s Conformity Study

Answer 8

Conformity to group’s answers to line lengths

Question 9

Milgram’s Obedience Study

Answer 9

Following orders of authority to administer potentially deadly electro-shock.

Question 10

Types of Heuristics

Answer 10

Representativeness
- judging likelyhood in relation to a prototype
Availability
- Estimating likelihood based on the case which comes to mind
(I.e. Shark vs cow)

Question 11

How do we get from Sensation to perception?

Answer 11

recognizing and interpreting information from your senses