Exam 3 -ch14 Personality Flashcards
Personality
People’s typical ways of thinking, feeling and behaving
Twin and adoption studies
A way to test nature vs nurture. Twins have twice as many of the same genes and adoption studies examine if the adoptee resembles their genetic or adopted parents
Shared and nonshared environmental influences
Shared: same parental treatment
Nonshared: diff parental treatment
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory
Coming from Freud:
- relies on insight
- make the unconscious conscious
Behavioral/social learning theory
BEHAVIORAL: genetic factors and contingencies in the environment, that is, reinforcers and punishers
SOCIAL :theorists who emphasize thinking as a cause of personality
Humanistic theory
Free will with self-actualizaition / drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent
Trait theory
Traits make up our personality
OCEAN Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Sigmund Freud
Father of Psychoanalysis
Unconscious, preconscious, conscious mind
Iceberg
Id, ego, superego
Instictive, conscious person, our sense of morality
Defense mechanisms
Unconscious maneuvers intended to reduce anxiety
Psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Oral-dependency Anal-cleanliness Phallic-Oedipal complex Latency6-12 sublimation of sexual Genital-renewed sexual impulses
Oedipus complex
Wanting to fight your dad for your mom
Carl Jung: collective unconscious, archetypes
Duh
Alfred Adler: inferiority complex
feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation for such feelings
Karen Horney
First feminist personality theorist;
In the line of Freud but objected to Oedipus
B.F. Skinner
Behavioralist believed in conditioning
Albert Bandura: self-efficacy expectancies
Belief in self ability and/or results
Abraham Maslow: focus on the positive side of personality
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization
Highest lever of hierarchy of needs. Fullest human potential
Hierarchy of needs
Must satisfy physiological needs before complex ones
Carl Rogers
Humanist/positivist/believed in conditions of worth
Conditions of worth
according to Rogers, expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behavior
Unconditional positive regard
nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the client expresses.
