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Statistics > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The difference between the highest and lowest score

A

Range

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2
Q

A grouping or category defined by a lower and upper limit

A

Class interval

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3
Q

The true limit

A

Class boundaries

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4
Q

Middle value or midpoint of a class interval

Best representative of class interval

A

Class mark

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5
Q

Percentage distribution in every class interval

A

Relative frequency

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6
Q

Number of observations belonging to a class interval

A

Class frequency

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7
Q

Tabular arrangement of data by class intervals whose frequency is cumulated

A

Cumulative frequency distribution

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8
Q

Sum of frequencies for each ci is less than upper class boundary

A

Less than cumf

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9
Q

Sum of frequency for each ci is greater than lower class boundary

A

Greater than cumf

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10
Q

Tabular arrangement of data showing proportion in percent of each frequency to the total frequency

A

Relative frequency distribution

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11
Q

Formula for R

A

R=HS -LS

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12
Q

Formula for i

A

i = R/ci

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13
Q

Formula for class mark

A

Class mark = UL + LL / 2

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14
Q

Formula for rel. freq.

A

RF = f/n x 100

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15
Q

Rounding rule for i

A

Round off

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16
Q

Tabular arrangement of the gathered data

A

Frequency distribution

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17
Q

It is used when the values are not all equally represented

A

Weighted mean

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18
Q

Formula for wgtd mean

A

Wgtd mean = wgtd freq / freq

19
Q

Is found by first adding all the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Most sensitive and reliable

A

Mean

20
Q

Rounding rule for mean

A

Round off

21
Q

Properties of mean

A

Sum of deviations from mean = 0

Total sum of negative deviations = positive deviations

If added or multiplied to each score, mean will also multiply or add

May not exist in the distribution

All variables under investigation are computed

Mean is efficient

Mean is unique

Mean is fulcrum or balance point of distribution

22
Q

Disadvantages of mean

A

Mean can take fractional value

Mean is sensitive: strongly influenced by outliers

23
Q

Uses of mean

A

Variables are measured at the interval-ratio

Anticipate standard deviation

24
Q

Is an extremely high or an extremely low data value when compared with the rest of the data values

A

Outlier

25
Q

Point on the scale of measurement that divides a series of ranked observations into halves

A

Median

26
Q

When n is an odd number

A

Ex. N=7

Md = 7/2 = 3.5= 4th (rounded up) = 4th score

27
Q

When N is an even number

A

Ex. N=6

Md= 6/2=3rd + 4th/2

28
Q

Properties of median

A

Positional measure

Most representative average

Most reliable in open-ended distribution

Unique

Exists in any distribution

29
Q

Uses of median

A

Variables are measured in ordinal or interval-ratio level when distribution is skewed

More stable measure of central tendency is needed

30
Q

Point on the measurement scale with the maximum frequency

A

Mode

31
Q

40,45,46,47,47,48,49,50

Mo=

A

47

32
Q

40,45,47,48,49,50

A

No mode.

It is wrong to say 0

33
Q

40,40,42,42,44,44,45,47

Mo=

A

40,42

Bimodal

34
Q

Properties of mode

A

Used for nominal data

Center of concentration

Does not always exist

Not always unique

Does not take into consideration all values

35
Q

Uses of mode

A

Quickest estimate of central value

Report most common score

36
Q

Properties of range

A

Simplest measure of dispersion

Easiest to understand

Rough estimate of variability

37
Q

Average of the squares of the distance of each value from mean

A

Variance

38
Q

Square root of variance

A

Deviation

39
Q

Used of variance and deviation

A

Determine spread of data

Consistency of variable

Used inferential statistics

Determine number of values that fall within specified intervals

Minimum value of 0

40
Q

Divide distribution into 4 parts

A

Quartiles

41
Q

How many quartiles

A

3

42
Q

Divide distribution into 10 equal parts

A

Decile

43
Q

Values that divide distribution into 100 parts

A

Percentiles

44
Q

Scores above mean

Scores below mean

A

+ deviation

- deviation

Statistics (3 decks)

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