Endterm Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Research Data

A

By source

By form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Research data by source

A

Primary data

Secondary data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Research data by form

A

Qualitative data

Quantitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gathered directly from the infomants of the study

A

Primary data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

previously gathered, compiled and stored somewhere and may be made available to the researcher who finds them useful to his particular study

A

Secondary data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

descriptions of the characteristics of the people, things or events under investigation

A

Qualitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

numerical in nature which possesses the property by measurability

A

Quantitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aspects of Data Quality

A

Timeliness
Clear definition of what is to be measured
Who will use the resulting information
How the information will be used for making decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is the closeness of a measured or computed value to its true value

A

Accuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is the closeness of repeated measurements of the same quality to each other

A

Precision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are values that the variables can assume

A

Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a collection of data values

A

Data Set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

data in their original form just as they were collected

A

Raw data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the researcher can deliberate o give some explanations or speculations as long as they have the research data as bases or anchor

A

Data-based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Results are restricted to whatever information have been gathered and analyzed

A

data bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the application of the findings or conclusions from a small group to a large group from which the former group was drawn

A

Inferential analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

refers to all members, units or elements of any well-defined set or group of people or objects which is the focus of the investigation

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if the units or members have identical or similar characteristics

A

homogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if the units or members have extremely diverse or different characteristics

A

heterogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

refers to a subgroup or portion of the population selected to represent the population

A

Sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Data Collection methods

A

Direct Method or Interview
Indirect Method or Use of Questionnaires
Observation
Experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Direct Method or interview

A

Personal or Face to Face Interviews

Telephone Interviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Issue of Direct Method

It is done by asking deliberately two or more questions that give the same information

Comparison of the answers reveal consistency of the information given

A

Data Quality Measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Indirect Method or Use of Questionnaires

A

Personally Administered Questionnaires
Mail Questionnaires
Electronic Questionnaires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Quality of Research Instrument

A

Reliability

Validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

refers to the degree of consistency, accuracy, stability dependability and predicability of the instrument

A

Reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

refers to the quality of research instrument what it is supposed to measure

A

Validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Types of Questionnaires according to source

A

Standardized

Researcher-made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

set of questions which have been formulated by an accredited organization pursuing a specific field of specialization which has tested the questions for reliability and validity

A

Standardized

30
Q

a set of questions which have been formulated by the researcher with reference to the statement of the problem in order to collect the data which are intended to answer the questions posed in the statement of the problem

A

Researcher-made

31
Q

Categories of observation

A

Participant Observation

Non-participant Observation

32
Q

Individuals under observation should not know they are being observed

A

Participant Observation

33
Q

Categories of Experimentation

A

Experimental group

Control groups

34
Q

exposed to the influence of a factor

A

Experimental group

35
Q

not exposed to the same factor to which the experimental group is exposed

A

Control groups

36
Q

subjects who knew they were participating in an experiment actually changed their behavior in ways that affected the result of the study

A

Hawthorne effect

37
Q

involves pure chance selection of subject to experimental and control groups which means free judgment and bias of the researcher

A

Randomization

38
Q

Biophysiological methods

A

In-Vivo Biophysiological methods

In-Vitro Biophysiological method

39
Q

are done on a living organism by using specialized instruments

A

In-Vivo

40
Q

Examples of In-Vivo Biophysiological methods

A

ECG

Blood pressure

41
Q

measurements are carried out outside the living organism by using specialized equipment

A

In-Vitro

42
Q

In-Vitro Methods

A

Radiological measurements
Biochemical measurement
Microbiological measurement

43
Q

Radiological measurement

A

X-ray
CT scan
MRI

44
Q

Biochemical measurement

A

serum electrolyte

blood sugar

45
Q

Microbiological measurement

A
bacterial counts
urine
blood
fine needle aspiration
tissue biopsy
46
Q

the process researchers use to select subjects from the population being studied

A

Sampling method

47
Q

Categories of Sampling methods

A

Probability

Non Probability

48
Q

requires that every member of the study of the population have an equal opportunity

A

Probability sampling

49
Q

is achieved by random selection of members from the sampling frame

using computer program

Random numbers table

A

Simple random sampling

50
Q

used when researcher knows some of the variables within a population

Includes age, gender, ethnicity, medical diagnosis

subjects are selected randomly on the basis of their classification into the selected stratum

A

Stratified random sampling

51
Q

The states, cities, institutions, or organizations are randomly selected from the list of the sample

A

Cluster Sampling

52
Q

requires an ordered list of all of the members of the population

Individuals are selected through a process that accepts every kth member on the list

A

Systematic sampling

53
Q

is a nonrandom sampling technique that does not extend equal opportunity for selection to all member of the study population

A

Nonprobability sampling

54
Q

Nonprobability sampling methos

A
convenience sample
quota sampling
purposive sampling
network sampling 
theoretical sampling
55
Q

enrolling subjects who are in the right place at the right time

A

convenience sample

56
Q

ensures adequate representation of types of subjects who are likely to be underreprented such a women, minorities, the elderly or the poor

A

quota sampling

57
Q

occurs when the researcher consciously selects subjects, elements, events or incidents to include in the study

A

purposive sampling

58
Q

makes use of social networks and the fact that friends often have common characteristics

A

network sampling

59
Q

is used in the research process to advance the development of a theory

A

theoretical sampling

60
Q

civil wrongs committed against individuals or their property

A

torts

61
Q

Failure to exercise a degree of care resulting in compromise of a person’s safety

A

negligence

62
Q

willful or intentional touching of a person by another person without consent

A

battery

63
Q

holding someone against his or her will, with or without physical force

A

false imprisonment

64
Q

oral statements that are incorrect and that harm an individual’s reputation

A

defamation

65
Q

written statements that are incorrect and that harm an individual’s reputation

A

libel

66
Q

a person’s right to have his or her health information kept confidential and released only to authorized individuals and his o her body shielded from public view

A

right of privacy

67
Q

an act of making a distinction between people on the basis of class or category

A

discrimination

68
Q

an agreement of permission by adults in possession of all their faculties and with full understanding of all the facts and significant risks of this consent

A

informed consent

69
Q

a type of research misconduct whee data or results are made up

A

fabrication

70
Q

a type of research misconduct where the researcher manipulates results, change procedures, omits data or accepts subject into the study who do not meet inclusion criteria

A

falsification

71
Q

a type of research misconduct where ideas, statement, results or words are not attributed to the author but claimed as one’s own work.

A

plagiarism

72
Q

passed by the Congress in 1966 that protects the privacy of personal health information

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act