Midterm

Question 1

What is the definition of adjustment?

Answer 1

Some ideal norm exists by which people should be measured

Question 2

Explain the Bowlby attachment theory.

Answer 2

According to this theory created by John Bowlby, as an extension of psychoanalytic theory. There are four types of attachments children develop: (1) secure, (2) anxious, (3) avoidant, or (4) anxious-avoidant.

 (1) Secure attachment has a good amount of attachment     
 (2) anxious attachment needs too much attachment in relationships 
 (3) avoidant attachment wants little to no attachment
 (4) anxious-avoidant attachment goes back and forth between needing too much and not wanting any attachment.

Question 3

List the different parenting styles, and define each one.

Answer 3

(1) Authoritative parents, establish high goals for their children, yet they are accepting and allow their children to explore while maintaining firm limits to help scaffold and structure their children’s environment.
(2) Authoritarian parents, are extremely strict, have high demands, and use the threat of physical punishment to control their children. They tend not to allow their children to have input into their world.
(3) Permissive parents, make few demands on the children and tend to indulge their children’s desires.
(4) Neglectful parents, aren’t very accepting of their children, are not greatly involved in their children’s lives, but do provide for their children’s basic physical needs.

Question 4

List Erikson’s early to late adulthood stages in psychosocial development.

Answer 4

Birth to 2: trust vs mistrust.
2-6: initiative vs guilt.
6-12: industry vs inferiority, they start comparing themselves to others and either decide they can be a part of a system or they are inferior to their peers.
13-20- identity vs role confusion, knowing who you are vs not knowing who you are.

Question 5

What is the definition of holistic health ?

Answer 5

Holistic health, focuses on all facets of human functioning, which involves our taking responsibility of maintaining all aspects of our well-being.

Question 6

What is the definition of wellness?

Answer 6

Wellness, entails a lifestyle choice and involves a lifelong process of taking care of our needs on all levels of functioning.

Question 7

What are the consequences to burnout?

Answer 7

It can lead to a low personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization.

Question 8

What are gender-role strain and stereotypes?

Answer 8

Also known as gender role conflict.

Gender-role strain are societal norms for gender ideals are often contradictory, inconsistent, unattainable. Gender stereotypes are widely accepted beliefs about females and males abilities, personality traits, and behavior patterns- are common fare in American culture.

Question 9

List the stereotypical view on males.

Answer 9

Emotional unavailability independence
power and aggressiveness, 
denial of fears
protection of his inner self 
invulnerability, 
lack of self-awareness, 
remoteness with other men, 
driver to succeed, 
denial of “feminine” qualities, 
avoidance of physical contract, 
rigid perceptions
loss of the male spirit and experience of depression.

Question 10

List the stereotypical view on females.

Answer 10

Women are warm, expressive, and nurturing; aren’t aggressive or independent, are emotional and intuitive, must not deviate from their female roles, and are more interested in relationships than in professional accomplishments.

Question 11

List five retirement paths.

Answer 11

1. continuers, do more of the same, but they activities in different ways.
2. adventurers, seek something new.
3. searchers, sound much of their time engaged in trial and error activities.
4. easy gliders, are content to go with the flow.
5. retreaters, those who have given up on forging a new and rewarding life.

Question 12

What are the differences between Freud’s and Steven’s view of awareness?

Answer 12

Freud’s concept of awareness divided the human psyche in two different sections:
1. conscious
2. non conscious.
He divided the non-conscious into two sections:
1. pre-subconscious (where superego and ego are)
2. unconscious (where id is).

Steven’s separated awareness into 3 different sections:

 1. awareness of the outside world (sensory)
2. awareness of the inside world (feelings),
3. awareness of fantasy activity (thinking process).

Question 13

What is conscious parenting?

Answer 13

Empowerment, wholeness, consider your thoughts, self-awareness, looking at your inner critic, breaking the cycle, listen to children, not live through your kids, and emotional baggage.

Question 14

What are awareness skills?

Answer 14

Generalizing
focusing
selection
avoiding
duration and flow
connection and interruption 
pleseant-unplesant
shittling 
intending
process
physical activates-tensing. 
It is not about judging.

Question 15

What are the three components of change?

Answer 15

ready, willing, and able.

Question 16

List the four ways ambivalence to change can occur, and explain each way.

Answer 16

1. approach-approach
2. avoidance-avoidance
3. approach-avoidance
4. double approach-avoidance.

Question 17

Feminist and systemic views on Freud and gender.

Answer 17

The view on Freud critics his psychoanalysis saying it pathology and rigidity, and has a lack of focus on gender.
The view on gender is how gender can shape childhood , and how family and culture shapes gender roles.

Question 18

Components of family communication.

Answer 18

Verbal and Nonverbal. Quality of communication may vary on topic.

Question 19

Characteristics of caregiver-child communication that are positive.

Answer 19

Communicate at appropriate level
listening
full explanations
using “I” statements
express your own feelings
be willing to forgive
encourage creative ways to solve problems
verbal communication
nonverbal communication
quality of communication may differ on topic. 

Question 20

Define mindfulness.

Answer 20

an intentional, nonjudgemental awareness and observation of our experiences in the present moment without seeking to change them immediately (much is taken from the Buddhist philosophies).

Question 21

Characteristics of mindfulness.

Answer 21

Allows for stronger therapeutic presence and emotional awareness in session, challenges to just mindfully be with the problem/issue instead of always seek to change it immediately, promotes openness, humanity and acceptance of clients, and effective self-care technique.

Question 22

List the stages of change.

Answer 22

1. Pre contemplation - no intention to change
2. Contemplation - only aware of a problem
3. Preparation- intent & plan
4. Action- active behaviors
5. Maintenance- sustain behaviors
6. Relapse - speed bumps.

Question 23

What are the three components of self-authorship?

Answer 23

1. trust your internal voice

2. Building an internal foundation 3. Securing internal commitments

Question 24

Body and self-image for men and women.

Answer 24

When it comes to women:
Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection.
More than half may see a distorted image.
By 13, 50% of girls are unhappy about their appearance.
By 18, 80% of girls are unhappy about their appearance
Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less.
When it comes to men:
One in ten people with anorexia are male.
17% of men are on extreme diets.
3% of men binge eat.
4% of men purge after eating.
3% of adolescent boys use performance-enhancing drugs.

Question 25

What are the types and effects of stress?

Answer 25

There are two types of stress:
1. acute (in the moment)
2. chronic (long lasting).
The effects of stress are that chronic stress wears on body and mind, lead to anxiety and depression, and body organs don’t function properly when you are under chronic stress.

Question 26

According to Eisenhower’s box:

 1. if it's important and urgent you?
 2. if it's not important but urgent?
 3. if it's important but not urgent?
 4. if it's not important and not urgent?

Answer 26

1. do it now
2. delegate
3. decide. schedule it
4. delete

Question 27

What are common cognitive distortions?

Answer 27

1. Dichotomus (thinking-black and white thinking)
2. selective abstraction (making things abstract),
3. arbitrary inferences (drawing conclusions without proper evidence)
4. overgeneralization (applying a general idea to something specific)
5. personalization (making something personal)
6. magnification and minimization (making something bigger or smaller than it is)
7. labeling and mislabeling (putting labels on people often times incorrect ones)

Question 28

What are the six dimensions of wellness?

Answer 28

1. physical
2. social
3. mental
4. emotional
5. environmental
6. spiritual

Question 29

What is the purpose of a career genogram?

Answer 29

To find your career, and how your family has impacted you career choices.

Question 30

Apply the four principles of motivation interviewing.

Answer 30

(1) Express empathy- I understand, your view makes sense even though it’s not right.
(2) Develop discrepancy- so it helps this way; and but not this way, you have when drinking, and when you drink, what else happens.
(3) Roll with resistance- others want you to stop but you don’t want to; you don’t have to stop partying, what ca you do to balance.
(4) Support self-efficacy -I believe you can do it, you’ve done it before.

Question 31

Lis the big 5 personality factors.

Answer 31

(1) Openness,
(2) Conscientiousness
(3) Agreeableness
(4) Extraversion
(5) Neuroticism.

Question 32

What are the differences between traditional vs motivational interviewing approach to change.

Answer 32

The traditional approach to change is:
(1) discomfort makes people change therefore you have to wait until people hit there rock bottom, and make them feel bad enough until they want to change.
(2) You better or else.
(3) The best way to “break through” the denial is direct confrontation.
The motivational interviewing approach to change:
(1) People are ambivalent about change
(2) can be fostered by an accepting, empowering, and safe atmosphere.