Finals Study Guide pt. 3

Question 1

Levinger’s couple types is based on _______ and ___________.

Answer 1

stability

satisfaction

Question 2

List the four couple types according to Levinger’s couple types.

Answer 2

1. Full shell
2. No shell
3. Empty Shell
4. Half Shell

Question 3

In Levinger’s couple types:

In a full shell couple type, it is based on both _______ and __________.

Answer 3

stability

satisfaction

Question 4

In Levinger’s couple types:

the full shell types have the lowest ________ rates.

Answer 4

divorce

Question 5

In Levinger’s couple types:

which type has no stability or satisfaction

Answer 5

No Shell

Question 6

In Levinger’s couple types:

which type has stability but no satisfaction

Answer 6

Empty Shell

Question 7

In Levinger’s couple types:

which type has no stability but satisfaction

Answer 7

Half Shell

Question 8

Gottman’s couple types are based on couples ________ rates.

Answer 8

divorce

Question 9

Gottman’s couple types were used on ______ couples whose divorce rates were half of the U.S.’s.

Answer 9

Swiss

Question 10

What are the five couple types according to Gottman?

Answer 10

1. validating
2. volatile
3. avoidant
4. hostile-engaged
5. hostile-detached

Question 11

Which of Gottman’s five couple types is this:
◦ stable
◦ partners who understand how the other partner feels
◦ show compassion
◦ they listen when they argue

Answer 11

validating

Question 12

Which of Gottman's five couple types is this:
◦ stable
◦ tend to have a high level of conflict
◦ openly share their opinions
◦ they both accept

Answer 12

Volatile

Question 13

Which of Gottman’s five couple types is this:
◦ stable
◦ prefer not to talk about things
◦ non-confrontational

Answer 13

Avoidant

Question 14

Which of Gottman’s five couple types is this:
◦ unstable
◦ warfare

Answer 14

Hostile-engaged

Question 15

Which of Gottman’s five couple types is this:
◦ unstable
◦ stone walling: don’t communicate at all

Answer 15

Hostile-detached

Question 16

What are the five elements of a good typology?

Answer 16

1. exhaustive
2. mutually exclusive-(a couple cannot fit in one or more category)
3. reliable
4. systematic
5. economize thought- advancing how we think about couples

Question 17

What are the typical problems with typologies?

Answer 17

• no consensus in the scientific community
• lack of clarity
• lose sight of uniqueness of every relationship
• some scholar argue it blurs reality
• simplify the complexity of relationships
• partners disagree on the typology
• still-shot snapshot of relationship
• usefulness across cultures

Question 18

What is the difference between solitude and loneliness?

Answer 18

Solitude:
• solitude is typically something we choose for ourselves
• in solitude, we make time to be with ourselves and discover who we are
• solitude provides an opportunity for renewal, examine our lives, and gain a sense of perspective

Loneliness:
• often results from certain events in life
• an experience of feeling set apart from others
• can indicate thatwe’ve failed to listen to our inner voice

Question 19

What are the four types of loneliness?

Answer 19

1. transient loneliness
     ◦ when you go through transitions
2. chronic loneliness
     ◦ feeling alone for an extended period of time
3. everyday loneliness
4. existential loneliness

Question 20

What does loneliness look like in adolescence?

Answer 20

1. adolescence often feel like they are alone in their world
2. that they are the only ones to experiences the feelings they feel
3. are separated by others due to abnormalities

Question 21

What does loneliness look like in young adulthood?

Answer 21

1. loneliness can be a result of not having any validation from others
2. may engaged in relationships or occupation when you aren’t ready

Question 22

What does loneliness look like in during middle age?

Answer 22

1. our lives may not have developed the way we planned
2. may not enjoy success
3. disenchanted with their work
4. missed opportunities
5. children start leaving home

Question 23

What does loneliness look like in during in later years?

Answer 23

1. they are no longer needed
2. their lives are really over
3. loss of friends, family, and spouse

Question 24

What is the purpose of a history graph?

Answer 24

The purpose of this is that it expanded the perspective of loss, and on a timeline lets you see how deeply a loss has affected how.

Question 25

How do you become aware of discrimination and prejudice?

Answer 25

Everyone has some level of prejudice. Acknowledging it, talking to people, are ways to become aware of it.

Question 26

When should you seek counseling?

Answer 26

It’s not just for people who have serious trauma, but also typical things.

Question 27

Self-authorship is a synthesis of what different parts of someone’s personalities?

Answer 27

1. values
2. loyalties
3. beliefs
4. abstractions

Question 28

capacity to author or invent one’s own beliefs, sense of self, and relationships with others

Answer 28

Self-Authorship

Question 29

Self-Authorship is the ability to develop your own ____________

Answer 29

perspective

Question 30

Self-Authorship is a __________ of how you express how you known __________

Answer 30

reflection

something

Question 31

What are the three components of self-authorship?

Answer 31

1. trust your internal voice
2. building an internal foundation
3. securing internal commitments

Question 32

What are the basics of self-authorship?

Answer 32

1. requires that you can develop complex assumptions about knowledge
2. a sense of identity
3. interdependence with other people

Question 33

What are the three dimensions of self-authorship?

Answer 33

1. Epistemological
2. interpersonal
3. intraperosnal