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Molecular Neurobiology > Midterm 4 > Flashcards

Midterm 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Structures from Telencephalon

A

Olfactory lobes, Hippocampus, Cerebrum

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2
Q

Structures from Diencephalon

A

Retina, Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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3
Q

Structures from Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Structures from Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum and pons

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5
Q

Structures from Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

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6
Q

BDNF is important in:

A
  1. On-going plasticity in adult CNS
  2. KOs = obese (hypothalamus), aggressive, fear (amygdala), impaired spatial learning, increased depression.
  3. Cell #s same in cortex and striatum, but fewer spines and fewer dendrites.
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7
Q

What promotes epidermal fate?

A

BMPs

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8
Q

What inhibits BMPs?

A

Noggin and chordin

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9
Q

What helps with the closure of the neural tube?

A

Folic acid and Shh

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10
Q

What are the divisions of the neural tube?

A

Prosencephalon -> telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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11
Q

What transcription factors control development?

A

Hox and Pax

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12
Q

What is Pax for?

A

Eye development

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13
Q

What is Hox for?

A

Encodes TFs that help specify final location of parts of body and where on the body it belongs.
- Anterior/Posterior patterning

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14
Q

What are the inductive signals?

A
  1. RA (intracellular)
  2. FGFs (extracellular)
  3. Wnts (extracellular, frizzled)
  4. Shh (Patched/Smoothened)
  5. BMPs (BMP extracellular)
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15
Q

What are FGFs?

A

Fibroblast growth factors: involved in angiogenesis, wound healing. Key players in proliferation and differentiation of wide variety of cells and tissues.

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16
Q

BMPs are important where?

A

Identity of neural cells in the dorsal spinal cord (roof plate).

17
Q

What is Shh important for?

A

Ventral patterning in notochord and floor plate.

18
Q

Symmetrical cell division in neurogenesis leads to what?

A

More stem cells

19
Q

Asymmetric division generates:

A

Post-mitotic neuroblast and new asymmetric dividing cell.

20
Q

What can you use for birth dating?

A

BrdU or thymidine to label new DNA. (See cells in deeper layers born first)

21
Q

What is the delta-notch signaling important for?

A

Cell-cell communication.

22
Q

What is holoprosencephaly?

A

No midline (Shh)

23
Q

What is medulloblastoma?

A

Cerebellum cancer

24
Q

What transition must occur for migration to occur?

A

Epithelial to mesechymal

25
Q

Migration along radial glia occur where?

A

in CNS

26
Q

How does migration in PNS work?

A

Neural crest cells migrate and many final cell fates

27
Q

Explain the growth cone.

A

Lamellipodium (sheet like) with filopodia (finger like) sensing the environment. Guided by actin and microtubule depolarization and polymerization reaching towards synaptic target.

28
Q

What are the non-diffusible signals?

A

ECM + integrins, NCAM and L1, cadherins, ephrins and Eph receptors.

29
Q

Ephrins and Eph receptors are important for:

A

topographic connections/organization.

30
Q

Cadherin is dependent on what?

A

Calcium. Cadherin is a CAM found on growth cones and cells over which they grow.

31
Q

What does integrin do?

A

Receptor molecules found on growth cones that bind to CAMs such as laminin and fibronectin

32
Q

What is the diffusable attractive signal?

A

Netrin/DCC receptors (anterolateral system axons crossing midline)

33
Q

What does robo/slit do?

A

A repulsive signal that prevents growing back again in (prevents activity of netrin)

34
Q

What are the repulsive signals?

A
  1. Slit/robo

2. Semaphorins/plexin & neurophilin receptors.

35
Q

KOs of neurotrophins leads to:

A

Defects in PNS

36
Q

What is Hebb’s postulate?

A

Neurons that fire together, wire together.

Molecular Neurobiology (4 decks)

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