Midterm 3 Studying Flashcards
Why does volume increase mean a shift to the side with more moles of gas?
Increasing volume decreases pressure. In order to restore pressure, equilibrium shifts to the side with more gas to increase that pressure
Molarity symbol and equation
M, moles solute/liters solution
Molality symbol and equation
m, Moles Solute/Kilograms Solvent
What makes a good electrolyte
Complete dissociation, high solubility, strong ionic bonds, strong acids or bases, most salts
Blood pH range
7.35-7.45
J to kJ
1000 J is 1 kJ
cal to J
1 cal is 4.184 J
Cal to cal
1 Cal is 1000 cal
C to K
K = C + 273.15
F to C
(F - 32) / 1.8
Specific Heat Capacity
q = m (g) x C x deltaT (C)
deltaH relationship to endo/exo
Endo is positive deltaH
Exo is negative deltaH
What atoms bond with hydrogen to result in hydrogen bond potential
Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Pascal to N/m squared
1 to 1
atm to torr to mmHg
1 to 760 to 760
atm to Pa
1 to 101,325
What is Boyle’s Law
V1P1 = V2P2
What is Charle’s Law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
What is the combined gas law?
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
What is the ideal gas equation
PV = nRT
How to find total pressure of multiple gases
Pressures of each gas added together equals total pressure
Saturated vs Unsaturated vs Supersaturated
Max solute, less than max solute, more than max solute
Dilution Formula
M1V1 = M2V2
How to find Keq
Molarity products multiplied together over Molarity reactants multiplied together, raised to the coefficient
What does value of Keq indicate about equilibrium
Greater than 1 favors products, less than 1 favors reactants
How does changing pressure shift equilibrium
More pressure - fewer moles
Less pressure - more moles
How does changing volume affect equilibrium
More volume - more moles
Less volume - less moles
What is an isotonic solution
A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids
What is a hypotonic solution, what does it cause
Lower solute concentration, hemolysis burst
What is a hypertonic solution, what does it cause
Higher solute concentration, cremation shrinking
What is a hypertonic solution, what does it cause
Higher solute concentration, crenation shrinking
Nitric Acid
HNO3, strong
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4, strong
Hydrochloric Acid
HCl, strong
Phosphoric Acid
H3PO4, moderate/weak
Acetic Acid
HC2H3O2, weak
Hydrofluoric Acid
HF, weak
Carbonic Acid
H2CO3, weak
Boric Acid
H3BO3, weak
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH, strong
Potassium Hydroxide
KOH, strong
Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2, strong
Sodium Bicarbonate
NaHCO3, weak
Magnesium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2, weak
Ammonium Hydroxide
NH4OH, weak
What is Ka, what does it indicate
Acid- Molarity times hydrogen Molarity over original acid Molarity, greater value means stronger acid
What is Kw equation
Hydrogen Molarity times hydroxide Molarity = Kw = 1 x10-14
Formula for pH
-log hydrogen Molarity
Two types of acidosis/alkalosis
Metabolic and Respiratory
Hydrobromic Acid
HBr, strong
Perchloric Acid
HClO4, strong
Hydriodic Acid
HI, strong
Sulfurous Acid
H2SO3, weak
Formic Acid
HCHO2, weak
Energy definition
Capacity to do work
Work definition
Result of force acting on a distance
Miscible definition
Will dissolve in each other
Treat respiratory alkalosis
Breathe into paper bag, reduce anxiety
Treat Metabolic Alkalosis
Infuse saline solution, treat underlying disease
Treat metabolic acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate orally, insulin, dialysis
Treat respiratory acidosis
Correct disorder, infuse bicarbonate
Heat capacity definition
Heat required to change temperature of given amount of substance by 1 degree Celsius
Isotonic Solution Values
0.9% NaCl, 5.0% glucose
