Midterm 3 Flashcards
4 ways to prevent adolescent drug use
Raise the prices, Education, Social competence training, Mentor programs
Single best prevention tactic for adolescence?
Raising the price, this is most likely why less poor, and more wealthy adolescence use drugs
Opioids and Heroin
New “in” drug, not as big of a problem for adolescence than for adults. Percocet, Oxy, etc. lead to heroin use when cut off from dr. Biggest factor is the time that you take it
Adderall/Ritalin
Super popular right now, helps with concentration and focus, you want to keep using it because of the high it gives you feel energized, focused, and feel like you have studies better than you ever have, mild euphoric effect
To quit and addiction how many tries does it typically take?
6
Common reason for as why: People who have addiction problems but don’t think they do
they don’t drink/smoke more than their friends, but they tend to choose friends that do smoke/drink more
Major risks of marijuana:
Regular pot smokers have 3X the risk of schizophrenia, risk of gum disease, don’t know for sure what they are actually smoking, respiratory factor, heart factors, addiction. Bad for you the way junk food is.
Adolescence at what age are at a higher risk of addiction?
Kids who start drinking at 13 have more problems than when they start drinking at 15/16
Some major effects of Alcoholism
Kills brain cells/brain shrinkage, blacking out, passing out, drunk driving
Nicotine use in HS?
15%, Skewed toward white upper class
When do most smokers begin smoking?
before the age of 18, Almost no one starts smoking as an adult
One of the major factors that has caused a drop in smoking over the last 10 years for adolescence
Cost of cigs have gone up and adolescence can’t afford them
Gateway drug theory
People who smoke pot are at more risk to use more other drugs, but smoking pot doesn’t make you crave something harder. Disproving pot being a gateway drug. Not all pot smokers move onto something harder
Peer networks (around drugs) leads to using other drugs why?
you have to buy it, which exposes you to others who are using and possibly have access to or are using other drugs
Deviant behavior (around drugs) means you are more likely to….
If you engage in one type of deviant behavior, it makes it more likely for you to justify other deviant/illegal behaviors
Personality characteristics of drug abusers
Impulse control(ADHD), Anxiety, Hopelessness/Depression, and Sensation thinking (want to try things or are easily bored in their environment)
Arguably Self-medicating could be the reason for use
Interpersonal characteristics of drug abusers
Distant/hostile
Less socially competent/Fewer social skills
Societal influences on drug abusers
Our society loves using certain drugs i.e.. caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and these are all used to make people feel better.
The major distinction is the side effects and the scale of them
Family factors on drug abusers
The environment for the abuser needs change if you want to fix an addiction
Parents can’t have alcohol in their house if child is an alcoholic
Race/Social Class influences on drug abusers
white kids, and for higher educated, and upper class
more likely to be caught and prosecuted if you’re poor, unequal enforcement for poorer adolescence typically have parents that are less apathetic towards the deviant behavior, so they will leave the kids in jail opposed to pulling them out of the criminal justice system
Relation of Drug Use to Other Problem Behaviors (the predictability based on problematic behavior/age)
Problematic behavior starting at ages 5, 6, 7: likelihood of being a drug abuser
Problem Behaviors at age 12,13,14 predicts trouble, and 14 + doesn’t
It depends on what you’re using but more importantly when you start using
Genetic factors
If your father was an alcoholic then you’re at risk, less risk if mother was alcoholic, degree or reward to which the drug feels to your brain, Certain people have rapid tolerance
Social Tolerance factors on drug use
The extent to which your family/peers/society tolerates drug use
Geography and Drug use
Blue states are more drug tolerant, Wealthy areas are more tolerant, The coasts are more tolerant, Opioid addiction is a problem in the red states
CAGE Test
C have you ever tried to CUT down on …drinking or alcohol use
A has anyone ever been ANNOYED with you by the things you ere using
G have you ever felt GUILTY about the things you were using
E have you ever had an EYE-OPENER (pretty much wake and bake)
Is experimentation ever healthy?
Kids who tried alcohol and marijuana look better adjusted than the kids who have never used
really anxious kids don’t experiment, and they come out a little less well adjusted
Popular kids used drugs and alcohol because that’s what their friends are doing
Does a job interfere with school work?
10-15 hrs/week =No
20+ =Yes
In what ways do too much work negatively effect adolesence
Lower GPA, Higher rates of delinquency, Less parental supervision (Out working, on your own, paying for your own gas),
Absences from school, cut back on homework where lots of kids are working, learning less because the teachers have lower expectations, Less participation in extracurricular activities
Autonomy/Self-Reliance Effects on adolescence that work
How to be on time, Can’t threaten people, How to conform to adult norms, How to be reliable
How do teens that work learn Social Responsibility?
They are learning how to help someone even if the job is boring
Financial lessons of teen work
Value of the dollar, Precocious affluence-
a couple hundred a month and like no expenses, but you feel like if you work you get all this money and at school you don’t get any money, and your parents are working all the time and have like no spending money
View of parents that teens should have zero leisure time:
Don’t have time to get prego… PHEW.
Cant get into trouble (drugs, vandalism, etc.)
Safety concerns (real vs. imagined)
Abduction concern (teens don’t get abducted in numbers like we think)
Opportunities for bullying increases when involved in a lot of stuff (more likely than kidnapping)
Displacement Hypothesis
The theory that restricting the means for a person’s suicide is ineffective
Those planning suicide will substitute another instrument to accomplish their ultimate goal
Organized sports or making up games in the neighborhood?
In neighborhood there are lots of arguments about the rules, gives you skills on how to interact with people the way you will as adults
Organized sports do not offer this oppportunity
Who participates in School extracurricular activities?
Athletics make up a majority of them
More middle than lower class
Helps boys popularity more than girls
correlations on kids of extracurricular participation
Higer self esteem
Predicts doing it in college, which predicts you doing it in adulthood
Associated with doing well and staying in school
Most are school biased, so if you are a marginal student you have the motivation to stay involved in the academic portion during that season at least
Race and income mixing occurs more in these activities
Exposure to aggression
Increases aggression (Internet, TV, & Other Media)
Some effects of spending too much time on the internet
less physical activitiy, less self esteem (fomo)
Availability heuristic
Ability to recall information about something becasue of its exposure even if likelihood of it happening is low
If you hear of a shark attack, you know that’s a possibility, so you should worry about it even though it’s a low base rate
Why do people have overstimates of danger in the world?
Exposed to thousands of murders on TV and news, and it gives people a very distorted view of the world
Race as a Social Construction:
Races genetically is ridiculous, Skin color does not work well as a determinate….
Many traits/diseases can be better causal factors than race, due to geographic location or demographic
Shared characteristics of what it means to be a minority
Heightened self consciousness
Feeling isolated, alone, sense of being an intruder
Nervousness
Attention between wanting to fit in and trying to keep distance between larger group
Gene X Environment Interactions and deviant behavior
There are kids who had terrible parents but they grew up just fine
It may be that some kids are just more sensitive to this than others
(Dandelions Do what they do no matter what, green house flowers, can bloom or die depending on the environment)
