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Adolescent Psychology > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotional Autonomy

A

the establishment of more adult like and less childish close relationships with family members and peers

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2
Q

Behavioral Autonomy

A

The capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them

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3
Q

Cognitive Autonomy

A

The establishment of independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs!

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4
Q

Detachment

A

in Psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures

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5
Q

Individuation

A

The progressive sharpening of an individual’s sense of being an autonomous, independent person

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6
Q

Psychological Control

A

Parenting that attempts to control the adolescent’s emotions and opinions

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7
Q

Prosocial Behavior

A

Behaviors intended to help others

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8
Q

Peer Groups

A

Groups of individuals of approximately the same age

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9
Q

Age grading

A

the process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age

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10
Q

Baby boom

A

The period following WWII, during which the number of infants born was extremely large

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11
Q

Cliques

A

Small, Tightly knit groups between 2 and 12 friends, generally the same age and sex

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12
Q

Crowds

A

Large loosely organized groups of young people, composed several cliques and typically organized around a common shared activity

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13
Q

Ethnography

A

A type of research in which individuals are observed in their natural setting

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14
Q

Reference Groups

A

A group which and individual compares themselves against

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15
Q

Gangs

A

Organized peer groups of antisocial individuals

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16
Q

iatrogenic effects

A

Unintended adverse consequences of a treatment or intervention (bad side effects)

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17
Q

Sociometric popularity

A

How well-liked a person is

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18
Q

Perceived popularity

A

How much status or prestige an individual has

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19
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

Aggressive behavior that is deliberate and planned

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20
Q

Reactive aggression

A

Aggressive behavior that is unplanned and impulsive

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21
Q

Relational aggression

A

Act intended to harm another through the manipulation with their relationships with others, as in malicious gossip

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22
Q

Hostile attributional bias

A

The tendency to interpret ambitious interactions with others as deliberately hostile

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23
Q

Cyberbullying

A

Bullying that occurs over the internet or via cell phone

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24
Q

Platonic relationship

A

Non-sexual relationships with peers who might otherwise be romantic partners

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25
Q

Attachment

A

The strong affectional bond that develops better infant and caregiver

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26
Q

Secure Attachment

A

A healthy attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by trust

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27
Q

Anxious-avoidant attachment

A

An insecure attachment between infant and caregiver, characterizes by indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver

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28
Q

Anxious-resistant Attachment

A

An insecure attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by distress by the infant at separation and angered at the reunion

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29
Q

Internal working Model

A

The implicit model of interpersonal relationships that an individual employs throughout life, believed to be shaped by early attachment experiences

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30
Q

Rejection sensitivity

A

Heightened vulnerability to being rejected by others

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31
Q

Adult Attachment Interview

A

A structural interview used to assess an individuals past attachment history and “internal working model” of relationships

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32
Q

LGBTQ youth

A

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning youth, sometimes referred to as sexual-minority

33
Q

Sexual-minority youth

A

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning youth

34
Q

Autoerotic behavior

A

Sexual behavior that in experience alone, such as masturbating or sexual fantasizing

35
Q

Testosterone

A

One of the sex hormones secreted by the gonads found in both sexes but in higher levels among males than females

36
Q

Risk factors

A

Factors that increase the likelihood of some behavior or condition

37
Q

Sexual socialization

A

the process through which adolescents are exposed to and educated about sexuality

38
Q

Date rape

A

being forced by a date to have sex against ones will

39
Q

Comprehensive high school

A

an educational institution that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and designed to meed the needs of a diverse population of adolescents

40
Q

Social promotion

A

the practice of promoting students from one grade to the next automatically, regardless of their school performance

41
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information, rather than simply memorizing it

42
Q

Standards-based reform

A

Policies designed to improve achievements by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests

43
Q

Common care

A

A proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics that all American schools would be expected to use

44
Q

Charter schools

A

public schools that have been given the autonomy to establish their own curricula and teaching practices

45
Q

School vouchers

A

Government subsidized vouchers that can be used for private school tuition

46
Q

Junior high school

A

and educational institution designed during the early era of public secondary education, in which young adolescents are schooled separately from older adolescents

47
Q

Middle school

A

an educational institution housing 7th-8th grade students alone with adolescents 1 or 2 years younger

48
Q

Tracking

A

the separation of students into ability groups, so that they take classes with peers at the same skill level

49
Q

Gifted students

A

students who are unusually talented in some aspect of intellectual performance

50
Q

learning disability

A

a difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction

51
Q

Dyslexia

A

Impaired ability in reading or spelling

52
Q

Dysgraphia

A

impaired ability in handwriting

53
Q

Dyscalculia

A

impaired ability in arithmetic

54
Q

Mainstreaming

A

the integration of adolescents who have educational handicaps into regular classrooms

55
Q

Big fish-little pond effect

A

the reason that individuals who attend high school with high achieving peers feel worse about themselves that comparably successful individuals than with lower achieving peers

56
Q

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

a biologically based psychological disorder characterized by impulsivity, inattentiveness and restlessness, often in school situation

57
Q

Social capital

A

the interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family

58
Q

Student engagement

A

the extent to which students are physiologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than just completing the assigned work

59
Q

Zero tolerance

A

a tougher approach to adolescent misbehavior that responds seriously to excessively to the first infraction

60
Q

Non-cognitive factors

A

Influences on achievement that do not have to do with intellectual ability, such as determination, perseverance, and grit

61
Q

delay of gratification

A

the capacity to wait longer to get a larger better or more valuable reward instead of a smaller less attractive, or less valuable one that is available immediately

62
Q

Underachievers

A

individuals whose actual performance is lower than what would be expected on the basis of objective measures of their aptitude or intelligence

63
Q

self-handicapping

A

Deliberately behaving in ways that will likely interfere with doing well, in order to have an excuse of failing

64
Q

Mastery motivation

A

motivation to succeed based in the pleasure one will experience from the mastering of a task

65
Q

Performance motivation

A

motivation to succeed based on the rewards one will receive for successful performance

66
Q

Stereotype threat

A

the harmful effect that expose to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance

67
Q

Self-efficacy

A

the sense that an individual has some control over their life

68
Q

Achievement attributions

A

the beliefs an individual holds the causes of their successes and failures

69
Q

Learned helplessness

A

the acquired belief that an individual is not able to induce change through their own efforts or actions

70
Q

Cultural capital

A

the resources provided within a family through the expose of the adolescent to art, music, literature, and other elements of “high culture”

71
Q

Social capital

A

the interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family

72
Q

School performance

A

a measure of achievement based on an individuals grades in school

73
Q

academic achievement

A

achievements that is measured by standardized tests or scholastic ability or knowledge

74
Q

Educational attainment

A

the number of years of schooling competed by an individual

75
Q

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

A

A periodic testing of American 4th, 8th, and 12th graders by the federal government used to track achievement

76
Q

Work Values

A

the particular sorts of rewards an individual looks for in a job (intrinsic, extrinsic, influence, leisure)

77
Q

Social promotion

A

The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next regardless of their school performance

78
Q

Occupational Attainment

A

A measure of achievement based on the status or prestige of the job an individual holds

79
Q
A

Adolescent Psychology (3 decks)

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