Midterm

Question 0

THE PRINCIPLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS IS:

Answer 0

THE REGION OF THE ATOM FROM WHICH THEY ORIGINATE

Question 1

BEAM PENETRABILITY IS INCREASED IF _____________ IS INCREASED.

Answer 1

KVP

Question 2

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WAVELENGTH AND THE FREQUENCY OF AN X-RAY PHOTON?

Answer 2

FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH ARE INVERSELY RELATED

Question 3

AN EXPOSURE TAKEN AT 100 KVP WOULD HAVE CONTINUOUS EMISSION SPECTRUM WITH A MAXIMUM ENERGY OF ____ KEV.

Answer 3

100

Question 4

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS GREATER IN A 70 KEV X-RAY THAN FOR A 20 KEV X-RAY?

Answer 4

FREQUENCY

Question 5

AN X-RAY BEAM THAT COULD PASS THROUGH DENSE TISSUE WOULD HAVE:

Answer 5

PENETRABILITY AND QUALITY

Question 6

IF THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE TO THE IMAGE (SID) IS REDUCED BY HALF, HOW IS THE X-RAY INTENSITY AT THE IMAGE AFFECTED?

Answer 6

IT IS INCREASED 4 TIMES

Question 7

ENERGY HAS THE ABILITY TO DO ________.- EG POTENTIAL, KINETIC

Answer 7

WORK

Question 8

NORMAL TUBE POTENTIAL FOR RADIATION THERAPY TREATMENT PROCEDURES IS AT 14,000,000. WHEN EXPRESSED IN THE SCIENTIFIC FORM THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO _________________________ VOLTS.

Answer 8

1.4X10^7

Question 9

THE TERM MEGAHERTZ STANDS FOR ________________________HERTZ.

Answer 9

A MILLION

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE: THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS IS REPRESENTED BY THE LETTER A

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

IN RADIATION THERAPY MACHINES, THE HALF-LIFE OF COBALT 6O IS 5 YEARS. INITIALLY THE RADIATION EMITTED BY THE MATERIAL IS 13 CURIES. HOW MUCH WILL IT BE WHEN IT REACHES ITS SECOND HALF-LIFE.

Answer 11

3.25 CURIES

Question 12

ELEMENTS THAT HAVE A Z NUMBER HIGHER THAN _____________ ARE CONSIDERED RADIOISOTOPES.

Answer 12

83

Question 13

THE PHOTON ENERGY RELEASED FROM A TUNGSTEN ATOM WHEN THE M SHELL TRANSFERS ITS ORBITAL ELECTRON INTO THE K SHELL ORBIT IS APPROXIMATELY ______ KEV.

Answer 13

67

Question 14

THE ANCIENT GREEK ATOMIC THEORIES BELIEVED THAT THE COMPOUNDS WERE COMPOSED OF:

Answer 14

FIRE, WATER, AIR AND EARTH

Question 15

INERTIA IS:

Answer 15

RESISTANCE TO A CHANGE IN MOTION

Question 16

THE HIGHER THE ELECTRON ENERGY FROM THE CATHODE TO ANODE, THE MORE ___________________ RADIATION WILL OCCUR.

Answer 16

BREMSSTRAHLUNG

Question 17

FILTRATION IN THE X-RAY MACHINE NEEDS TO HAVE A TOTAL OF _________MM OF ALUMINUM IN ORDER TO REMOVE SOFT X-RAYS.

Answer 17

2.5

Question 18

BETA NEGATIVE DECAY OCCURS WHEN THERE IS

Answer 18

AN EXCESS NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

Question 19

AN EXPOSURE OF 30 MR/HR IS TAKEN AT 72 INCHES. A NEW EXPOSURE IS TAKEN THAT MEASURES 120 MR/HR. WHAT IS THE DISTANCE?

Answer 19

36 INCHES

Question 20

INCREASING ADDED FILTRATION AND KILOVOLTAGE WOULD SERVE TO ________ THE EFFECTIVE ENERGY OF THE XRAY BEAM.

Answer 20

INCREASE

Question 21

THE SPEED OF XRAY PHOTONS ARE BASED ON THE FACT THAT THEY ARE A FORM OF:

Answer 21

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

Question 22

DISCRETE SPECTRUM (CHARACTERISTIC RAYS) AND CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM (BREM RAYS) ARE A PART OF THE:

Answer 22

XRAY EMISSION SPECTRUM

Question 23

A STABLE IODINE ATOM HAS A Z NUMBER OF 53 AND AN A NUMBER OF 127. HOW MANY NEUTRONS DOES IT HAVE?

Answer 23

74

Question 24

THE FREQUENCY OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IS MEASURED IN:

Answer 24

THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PER SECOND

Question 25

THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF FILTRATION:

Answer 25

RADIATION PROTECTION

Question 26

IF THE INTENSITY OF 70 KVP EXPOSURE AT 20 SID FOR A SHOULDER IS 9MR, WHAT WOULD THE EXPOSURE BE AT AN SID OF 60.

Answer 26

1

Question 27

THE ENERGY OF A PROJECTILE ELECTRON OF 74 KEV IS SUDDENLY DECELERATED BY THE NUCLEAR ELECTRIC FIELD AND ESCAPES WITH AN ENERGY OF 17 KEV. WHAT IS THE ENERGY OF THE RESULTANT ELECTROMAGNETIC PHOTON?

Answer 27

57 KEV

Question 28

X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS HAVE THE :

Answer 28

SHORTEST WAVELENGTHS

Question 29

XRAYS ARE PRODUCED AS INCIDENT ELECTRONS INTERACT WITH K-SHELL ELECTRONS, IN THE TARGET ATOMS BY A PROCESS CALLED:

Answer 29

CHARCTERISTIC

Question 30

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH SHORT WAVELENGTHS HAVE:

Answer 30

HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH ENERGY

Question 31

WHEN A RADIOISOTOPE DECAYS INTO A NEW ELEMENT, THE PROCESS IS CALLED

Answer 31

TRANSMUTATION

Question 32

MOST OF THE ENERGY CONVERSION IN THE XRAYS TUBE PRODUCES:

Answer 32

THERMAL RADIATION

Question 33

THE PREFIX MICRO CAN BE REPRESENTED IN MAGNITUDE BY:

Answer 33

10^-6

Question 34

PROPERTIES OF XRAYS:

Answer 34

AFFECTS FILM, SCATTERS, INVISIBLE, TRAVEL AS PHOTONS, IONIZES, FLUORESCES PHOSPHUR

Question 35

MEGA (MG)

Answer 35

1,000,000

Question 37

KILO (K)

Answer 37

1000

Question 38

HECTO (H)

Answer 38

100

Question 39

DECA (Dk)

Answer 39

10

Question 40

DECI (D)

Answer 40

0.1

Question 41

MILI (M)

Answer 41

0.001

Question 42

CENTI (C)

Answer 42

0.01

Question 43

ATOMIC THEORY: DESCRIBE THE RUTHERFORD MODEL.

Answer 43

PLANETARY MODEL (ELECTRONS ORBIT AROUND THE NUCLEUS)

Question 44

ATOMIC THEORY: DESCRIBE THE GREEK ATOM.

Answer 44

COMPOUNDS HAVE THEIR OWN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (DETERMINE PROPERTIES)

Question 45

ATOMIC THEORY: DESCRIBE THE BOHR MODEL.

Answer 45

ORBITAL SHELLS (A PARTICULAR NUMBER OF ELECTRONS FILL EACH SHELL/ 2n^2)

Question 46

ATOMIC THEORY: DESCRIBE THE THOMPSON ATOM.

Answer 46

PLUM PUDDING (POSITIVE CHARGED NUCLEUS)

Question 47

5 TYPES OF ENERGY ARE:

Answer 47

ELECTROMAGNETIC, CHEMICAL, NUCLEAR ENERGY, MECHANICAL & THERMAL ENERGY

Question 48

MICRO (M)

Answer 48

0.0001

Question 49

WHAT RESULTS WHEN ELECTRONS ARE EITHER GAINED OR LOST, GAINS A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGE, THROUGH CHEMICAL OR ELECTROMAGNETIC REACTIONS?

Answer 49

IONIZATION

Question 50

WHAT IS THE PHOTON STRENGTH FORMULA (PLANK'S FORMULA)?

Answer 50

E=HV

Question 51

WHAT ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HAS A WAVELENGTH BETWEEN 10^-8 AND 10^-11 METERS PER SECOND?

Answer 51

XRAYS

Question 52

ATOMIC THEORY: DESCRIBE THE DALTON ATOM.

Answer 52

BALL AND CHAIN (DETERMINES COMPOSITION)

Question 53

A GENERAL TERM FOR THE PROCESS IN WHICH AN ATOM WITH EXCESS ENERGY IN ITS *NUCLEUS* EMITS PARTICLES TO REGAIN STABILITY IS:

Answer 53

RADIOACTIVITY

Question 54

A RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT THAT UNDERGOES RADIOACTIVE DECAY TO BECOME STABILIZED AND HAS AN EXCESS NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IS A:

Answer 54

RADIOISOTOPE

Question 55

A PARTICLE UNDERGOING _________ DECAY WOULD CONSIST OF TWO PROTONS AND TWO NEUTRONS (HELIUM) AND BE EXTREMELY IONIZING.

Answer 55

ALPHA DECAY

Question 56

BETA DECAY OCCURS IN THE ________ AROUND AN UNSTABLE RADIOACTIVE NUCLEUS.

Answer 56

ELECTRONS

Question 57

BETA DECAY PARTICLES CONSIST OF HIGH SPEED ________ THAT APPROACH THE SPEED OF ______ RAYS (VERY FAST).

Answer 57

ELECTRONS, LIGHT

Question 58

WHEN A RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT UNDERGOES BETA NEGATIVE DECAY THE ELEMENT HAS EXCESS _________. THEREFORE NEUTRONS ARE TURNED INTO ________, EMITTING A __________.

Answer 58

NEUTRONS, PROTONS, NEUTRINO

Question 59

WHEN A RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT UNDERGOES BETA POSITIVE DECAY THE ELEMENT HAS EXCESS _________. THEREFORE PROTONS ARE TURNED INTO ________, EMITTING A __________.

Answer 59

PROTONS, NEUTRONS, POSITRON

Question 60

GAMA RADIATION OCCURS IN THE NUCLEUS AND HAS ________ ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY.

Answer 60

HIGH

Question 61

WHEN A RADIOISOTOPE STABILIZES INTO A NEW ELEMENT THIS IS CALLED:

Answer 61

TRANSMUTATION

Question 62

ISOTOPES HAVE THE _____ NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF _________.

Answer 62

SAME, NEUTRONS

Question 63

ISOTONES HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF _________ BUT _________NUMBER OF PROTONS.

Answer 63

NEUTRONS, DIFFERENT

Question 64

WHEN AN ELEMENT HAS TOO MUCH NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY BUT TRYS TO STABILIZE ITSELF TO HAVE A PROPORTIONAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS THIS IS CALLED AN:

Answer 64

ISOMERE

Question 65

(MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY) SIVERTS ARE REPLACED BY:

Answer 65

REM (RADIATION EQUIVALENT TO MAN)

Question 66

(MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY) BEQUERELS REPLACE:

Answer 66

CURIES

Question 67

WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF THE STEPS IN XRAY PRODUCTION: A. PRODUCTION OF HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS/ INCIDENT ELECTRONS (INCREASE IN KINETIC ENERGY) B. ELECTRONS ARE FOCUSSED ON THE FOCAL SPOT BY THE FOCUSING CUP ( FOCUSSING ELECTRONS) C. SEPARATION OF ELECTRONS (THERMIONIC EMISSION) D. HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS REACH TARGET SPOT AND CONVERTS ITS KINETIC ENERGY INTO OTHER ENERGIES. (STOPPING)

Answer 67

C, A, B, D

Question 68

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF XRAYS PRODUCED IN THE XRAY TUBE? (ABC*)

Answer 68

BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND CHARACTERISTIC

Question 69

BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS BREAKING GENERAL OR WHITE RADIATION. IT OCCURS WHEN ELECTRONS ARE ________ AS THEY PASS BY OR ________ THE NUCLEUS.

Answer 69

SLOWED DOWN, STRIKE

Question 70

DURING BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION ELECTRONS OF _________ ENERGY LEVELS ARE PRODUCED. THE LOSS IN KINETIC ENERGY YIELDS AN X-RAY PHOTON OF _________ ENERGY.

Answer 70

DIFFERENT, EQUAL

Question 71

CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION OCCURS WHEN INCIDENT ELECTRONS INTERACT WITH THE INNER _________ OF THE ANODE TARGET.

Answer 71

K SHELL

Question 72

IN ORDER FOR CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION TO OCCUR, INCIDENT ELECTRONS NEED TO HAVE AN ENERGY GREATER THAN _______ keV (ELECTRON BINDING ENERGY)

Answer 72

69.5 Kev (70-120 KvP Range)

Question 73

WHAT ARE THE 5 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE XRAY EMISSION SPECTRUM:

Answer 73

``` TUBE CURRENT (mA) TUBE VOLTAGE (kVp) FILTRATION TARGET MATERIAL GENERATOR TYPE ```

Question 74

AN INCREASE IN CURRENT OR MAS WOULD ONLY INCREASE ______.

Answer 74

QUANTITY

Question 75

AN INCREASE IN VOLTAGE OR KVP WOULD INCREASE:

Answer 75

QUANTITY AND QUALITY

Question 76

AN INCREASE IN ADDED FILTRATION WOULD ONLY DECREASE:

Answer 76

QUANTITY

Question 77

AN INCREASE OF TARGET ATOMIC NUMBER WOULD INCREASE:

Answer 77

QUANTITY AND QUALITY

Question 78

AN INCREASE IN VOLTAGE WAVE FORM WOULD DECREASE:

Answer 78

QUANTITY AND QUALITY

Question 79

TUBE CURRENT (MA) EXPOSURE TIME (S), AND DISTANCE (SID) AFFECTS THE ______ XRAYS.

Answer 79

QUANTITY

Question 80

TUBE POTENTIAL (KVP), FILTRATION, AND WAVE FORM PRIMARILY AFFECTS XRAY ________ BUT CAN AFFECT QUANTITY ALSO.

Answer 80

QUALITY