Midterm 2 - Objective Personality Tests (Ch. 13 and Holden et al.) Flashcards
What are the 3 main things that make up personality?
- behaviour
- affect
- cognition
What are personality traits?
- basically ingredients of personality
- broad dimensions of indiv differences that explain an individual’s consistency in behaviour, thought, and feeling across relevant situations and over time
What does the lexical tradition of personality traits suggest?
- most important traits represented by single words
- Galton and Cattell both suggested that all important or useful aspects of human personality are embedded in language
- this means we can use lexical analysis to identify traits!
What is lexical/factor analysis in terms of personality?
- catalogue of all adjectives describing personality
- identify smallest # of factors/groups that represent widest variety of adjectives in the language
- like periodic table or building blocks of personality
What are the big 5 Factors of personality (in order of largest to smallest)?
- Factor 1: Extraversion
- Factor 2: Agreeableness
- Factor 3: Conscientiousness
- Factor 4: Neuroticism
- Factor 5: Openness to Experience
What are the 6 facets of extraversion?
- friendliness
- gregariousness
- assertiveness
- activity level
- excitement seeking
- cheerfulness
What are the 6 facets of agreeableness?
- trust
- morality
- altruism
- cooperation
- modesty
- sympathy
What are the 6 facets of conscientiousness?
- self-efficacy
- orderliness
- dutifulness
- achievement-striving
- self-discipline
- cautiousness
What are the 6 facets of neuroticism?
- anxiety
- anger
- depression
- self-consciousness
- impulsiveness (immoderation)
- vulnerability
What are the 6 facets of openness to experience?
- imagination
- artistic interests
- emotionality
- adventurousness
- intellect
- liberalism
Are big 5 traits distinct categories or a continuum?
continuum! (labels apply more strongly to those at extreme ends)
What method of scale construction was used for NEO?
rational scale construction
NEO timeline:
- in 1978, test has __, ___, and ___ scales and ___ facets
- in 1983, test has __ and __ scales added
- in 1992, a manual including _____ for all factors and a ____ version (NEO-FFI) is created
- in 1978, N, E, and O scales and 18 facets
- in 1983, A and C scales added
- in 1992, a manual including FACET SCALES for all factors and a SHORT version is created
What is the internal consistency for traits and facets of the NEO-PI-R? Why is one lower?
- traits: .86-.92
- facets: .56-.81 (lower reliability bc measured by fewer items)
What is NEO-PI-Rs test-retest reliability at:
- 3 months:
- 6 years (N,E,O):
- 3 years (A,C):
- 3 months: .75-.83
- 6 years (N,E,O): .68-.83
- 3 years (A,C): .63-.79
What did the NEO-PI-3 add?
- age range 14-99
- norms for adolescents!
What are 2 main issues with NEO, and what do they do about it?
- acquiescence (half items reversed)
- social desirability (esp for A and C, this is a construct validity problem)
What does MMPI stand for?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
What is the MMPI?
- self-report measure of abnormal personality
When was the MMPI first published? What is the current version?
- first published 1940
- current version: MMPI-2 (1989)
What method of scale construction did the MMPI use? What type of response scale?
- empirical approach
- response scale: true or false or cannot say
The MMPI has an item pool of ___ items
550
What are the 10 original clinical scales of the MMPI?
- Hypochondriasis
- Depression
- Hysteria
- Psychopathic Deviate
- Masculinity-Femininity
- Paranoia
- Psychasthenia
- Schizophrenia
- Hypomania
- Social Introversion
Which scales of the MMPI are no longer considered clinical scales?
- Masculinity-Femininity (scale 5)
- Social Introversion (scale 0)