Final - Intelligence and Ability Testing (Ch. 10) Flashcards
What are the 2 types of tests of general mental ability?
- individual tests (intelligence tests, Stanford-Binet, Wechsler)
- group tests (more specific mental abilities, GRE, SAT, etc)
Who was the first to try to measure differences in intellectual capacities? What did he attribute these differences to?
- Francis Galton
- attributable to diffs in sensation and perception abilities
- human abilities have a normal distribution
Who created the first practical intelligence test? How did he characterize intelligence?
- Alfred Binet
- goal to identify kids w special needs
- intelligence comprised of complex mental acts (ex imagination, reasoning, memory, motor skills)
What 7 aspects of intelligence were measured by Binet’s test?
- memory
- general knowledge
- abstract reasoning
- attention
- comprehension
- coordination
- visual judgement
Who introduced the concept of mental age?
Binet!
What were the 4 categories defined by cutoff scores in Binet’s tests?
- idiot, imbecile, moron, normal
(T/F) Binet’s tests didn’t really measure anything
FALSE, achieved his goals!
What was introduced when Binet’s test was brought to US and became Stanford-Binet?
- Intelligence Quotient Ratio (IQ)
- IQ = (MA/CA) x 100
What were the 3 scores in Wechsler’s original 1939 test? WHat concept did he introduce?
- full scale IQ, verbal IQ, perceptual IQ (and subtest scores)
- introduced deviation IQ (scores should have similar statistical properties and same meaning at diff ages)
What was the issue with IQ scores as measured by Terman?
- score did not represent same relative position at diff ages
- maximum mental age of 18 messes w formula
- SD at diff ages were diff so same scores meant diff things
What was Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence?
- performance on intelligence tests consist of 2 components: general variance (g-factor) and specific variance (s-factor)
How did Cattell-Horn characterize intelligence? What theory did they dispute?
- disputed existence of g-factor
- fluid intelligence (problem solving, declines w age)
- crystallized intelligence (knowledge from experience)
What was John Carroll’s three stratum theory of intelligence?
- hierarchical model
- Stratum III: broad cognitive ability (g)
- Stratum II: general ability factors (eg fluid reasoning)
- Stratum I: narrowly defined cognitive abilities
The WISC contains __ primary subtests and __ index scores
10; 5
What are the 5 index scores of the WISC?
- verbal comprehension
- visual spatial
- fluid reasoning
- working memory
- processing speed
