Midterm 2 GSI Review Packet & Jeopardy Questions

Question 1

How does the basilar membrane function?

Answer 1

The different regions of the basilar membrane vibrate at different frequencies. When a complex noise enters the cochlea, the basilar membrane separates the different wave components of the noise.

Question 2

How do the inner-ear hair cells function?

Answer 2

When the basilar membrane vibrates, the inner ear hairs underneath vibrate as well. The movement of the hair allows potassium ions to enter the underlying cell that creates an action potential.

Question 3

What are the components of the vestibular system?

Answer 3

semicircular canals
utrile, saccule (detect movement of fluid)
otoliths (ear stones associated with balance, acceleration, and tilt)

Question 4

Isothyiocyanates are responsible for what characteristic of taste?

Answer 4

Pungency

Question 5

Aspartame and sucralose act on what type of receptor?

Answer 5

Metabotropic sweet receptors

Question 6

The inability to smell anything is called

Answer 6

General anosmia

Question 7

Genes that do not code for functional receptor proteins are called

Answer 7

Pseudogenes

Question 8

The molecule in photoreceptors that changes shape after absorbing light is called

Answer 8

Retinal

Question 9

The visual cortex is made up of

Answer 9

the occipital lobe, posterior lobe, and posterior temporal lobe

Question 10

The breakdown of component frequencies that make up a sound is called a

Answer 10

Fourier Analysis

Question 11

The primary auditory cortex (A1) is located in what lobe of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 11

Temporal lobe

Question 12

What types of hair cells are responsible for sound detection?

Answer 12

Inner hair cells (receive a more nuanced sense of sound to the brain)
Outer hair cells (prime/tune inner hair cells to receive sound)

Question 13

The three bones in the middle ear are known as the

Answer 13

Ossicles

Question 14

The interior of the cochlea is lined by the

Answer 14

Basilar membrane

Question 15

Sounds with high amplitude are perceived as

Answer 15

Loud

Question 16

Alcohol is what class of drug?

Answer 16

Sedative-hypnotic

Question 17

Give an example of a retrograde neurotransmitter

Answer 17

Endocanabinnoids

Question 18

Caffeine, a powerful CNS stimulant, acts as an antagonist at what receptor?

Answer 18

Adenosine antagonist

Question 19

What class of natural drugs has been chemically treated?

Answer 19

Semi-synthetic drugs

Question 20

Surturner synthesized ______ by isolating ________.

Answer 20

1) Morphine

2) Opium

Question 21

Patients of what medical condition have sensory of motor impairments of the lower extremities only?

Answer 21

Paraplegia

Question 22

Prior to having a seizure, some patients receive a warning in the form of what?

Answer 22

Aura (a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with migraines or seizures before either the headache or seizure begins. It often manifests as the perception of a strange light, an unpleasant smell, or confusing thoughts or experiences)

Question 23

What is a defect in the visual field?

Answer 23

Anopia (or Anopsia)

Question 24

What is the inability to perceive odor?

Answer 24

Anosmia

Question 25

Split-brain occurs when what bundle of fibers is severed?

Answer 25

Corpus callosum

Question 26

What element causes a stinky smelling perception?

Answer 26

Sulfur

Question 27

Olfactory receptors are what kind of receptors?

Answer 27

GCPRs

Question 28

What is the human range of sound?

Answer 28

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz

decibels?

Question 29

What cranial nerve is involved in auditory signaling?

Answer 29

Cranial nerve 8

Question 30

What chemicals carry signal information related to social communications between members of the same species?

Answer 30

Pheremones

Question 31

What is the center of the eyeball?

Answer 31

Fovea

Question 32

What is the term used when cis retinal becomes trans retinal?

Answer 32

Isomerization

Question 33

What is the range of visible light in nanometers?

Answer 33

400-700 nm

Question 34

What cells do light hit right after passing the photoreceptor cells?

Answer 34

Bipolar cells

Question 35

What types of animals do not have a blind spot?

Answer 35

Cephalopods

Question 36

What is the name of the cells on our skin that sense pressure?

Answer 36

Mechanoreceptors

Question 37

What neurosurgeon first discovered somatosensation in humans?

Answer 37

Wilder Penfield

Question 38

Amputation of what led to the idea of neuroplasticity?

Answer 38

Whisker

Question 39

What cognitive scientist discovered the mirror box treatment?

Answer 39

Ramachandran

Question 40

What neurons are active during movement and observation of movement?

Answer 40

Mirror neurons

Question 41

What is neuromorphic engineering?

Answer 41

(AKA neuromorphic computing) a concept developed by Carver Mead, describing the use of very large scale integration systems containing electronic analog circuits to mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system

Question 42

What is the CRISPR technique?

Answer 42

Gene splicing (removing/replacing parts of genome) without introducing foreign bits of DNA
Cas 9 protein transferred via solution as opposed to bacterial agent