Midterm 2 Cognition Flashcards
Primary memory:
A memory system proposed by William James ; thought to be the short-term storage area for memoriese
Secondary memory:
A memory system proposed by William James; thought to be the long-term storage area for memories
Modal Model of Memory:
A memory model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, consisting os sensory memory, and long-term memory.
Iconic and echoic sensory memory:
The visual and auditory sensory memory systems. Sensory memories has the ability to register a large amount of information, although it typically decays quickly: iconic memory has an upper limit of 1 second and echoic memory has an upper limit of 2 seconds.
Rehearsal:
The process through which information in short-term memory is maintained.
Consolidation:
The processes through which memory traces are stabilized to form long term memories.
Chunking:
A strategy used to increase the capacity of STM by arranging elements in groups (chunks) that can be more easily remembered.
Working Memory:
The system that allows for the temporary storage and manipulation of information required for various cognitive activities.
Central executive:
The component of working memory that coordinates information from the three subsystems.
Phonological loop:
Temporary store of linguistic information.
Visuo-spatial sketchpad:
Temporary store of non-linguistic information.
Episodic buffer:
The mechanisms that moves information to and from long-term memory.
Fluid systems:
Cognitive processes that manipulate information.
Crystallized systems:
Cognitive processes that accumulate long-term knowledge.
Declarative memory:
One of two major divisions of memory, also known as explicit memory; the memory system that contains knowledge that can be stated.
Episodic memory:
The subdivision of declarative memory concerned with personal experience.
Semantic memory:
The subdivision of declarative memory concerned with general knowledge (e.g. facts, words, and concepts).
Recency Bias vs. primacy Bias:
A tendency to recall experiences from the recent past versus a tendency to recall experiences from the relatively distant past.
A site in the brain that plays a crucial role in the consolidation of memory traces would be:
the Hippocampus.
Non-declarative memory:
one of two divisions of memory. also known as implicit memory; the memory system associated with behaviour that does not require concious thought.
Method of opposition:
Pits conscious and unconscious tendencies against one another.
Perceptual representation system.
A memory system containing very specific representations of events that is hypothesized to be responsible for priming effects.
Priming:
The unconscious process through which recognition of a particular item is facilitated by previous exposure to an identical or related item.
Prime:
The item the is presented first in a priming experiment. Later response times to this or related items are generally faster.