Midterm #2 Clewell Reading Flashcards
Pedogenic development (3)
Process by which soil is formed
Affected by environment (climate), place, and history
Occurs in stages - how do we know the soils is at a good stage to do plantings?
Is pedogenic development the most critical element of soils to understand for ER? If not, what is?
No. Clewell and Rieger argue that people focus on how pedogenic development is lacking in ER, but they should be focusing only on the crucial soils factor which is the capacity of a medium to grow indigenous plants via nitrogen availability etc.
Crucial soils factor
Capacity of a medium to grow indigenous plants via nitrogen availability etc.
Ecological succession
Process of change in species structure of a community over time
How does ecological succession affect or selection of appropriate reference sites?
Varying successional stages might make it hard to select a reference site because a forest might be at a different stage or might be the goal in the future but not now
Pocket plantings
Micro-scale plantings occur over restoration site due to funding constraints or lack of propagules
Safe sites
Areas throughout site with pocket plantings that are prepared for colonization of desirable species
Metapopulation
A population of populations separated by space but consisting of the same species and are interbreeding
What problem for ER is better addressed by understanding how pocket plantings and safe sites work? (2)
By understanding this method we can effectively restore native vegetation without planting an entire project site
Must know dispersal radium
What problem for ER is addressed by better understanding how metapopulations work? (2)
It helps us determine where to concentrate work effectively within very large (macro scale) project sites to accomplish specific objectives
Migration distance and corridor availability determine whether a metapopulation can be used for restoration purposes
Autecology
Focusing on individual species or an individual
Synecology
Focusing on a community of plant and/or animal species
What problem for ER is addressed by better understanding autecology or synecology of native and nuisance species? (4)
Focusing on autecology would help managers establish vegetation at sites by focusing on species with higher advantages for a particular environment
Focusing on synecology would help managers understand what interactions are important
Focusing on both would help increase native species and reduce invasives
It could also go the other way by focusing on how to rid a site of nuisance species based on things like their pollination requirements of phenology
Genotype
The genetic composition of an individual organism
Phenotype
Set of observable traits of an individual created from genotype and their environmental effects
Common garden experiment
Experiment that tests environmental effects by moving species into a common environment and seeing what phenotypic traits are due to genetics
What problem for ER are addressed by common garden experiments? (2)
They can help managers differentiate between ecotypes/demes within key species to help them develop guidelines for collecting seeds for desired levels of genetic fitness and flexibility (eg. Will the plant survive in the new environment?)
Determine whether differences in ecotype are genetic or due to phenotypic plasticity
Keystone species
Has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its biomass
How is understanding a keystone species’ influence on its ecosystem helpful to ER?
Managers can focus on the required habitat for a keystone species to maximize the ecological processes that species initiates/performs
What is remotely sensed data?
Dats collected with a sensor that has not been in direct contact with the area being mapped
How might remotely sense dats be valuable to restoration efforts?
Managers can use this data to monitor restoration projects without spending mass amounts of time and money.
GIS can measure things like:
Soil moisture
Vegetation density
Vegetation cover
Ecosystem health
